Antiviral agents that is/ are active against cytomegalovirus (CMV) include * which of the following?

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Genitourinary System Assessment Questions

Question 1 of 5

Antiviral agents that is/ are active against cytomegalovirus (CMV) include * which of the following?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A (Ganciclovir) being the correct answer: 1. Ganciclovir is a nucleoside analog that inhibits CMV DNA synthesis. 2. It is specifically approved for the treatment of CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients. 3. Ganciclovir has a high specificity for CMV, making it an effective antiviral agent against CMV. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: - Choice B (Foscarnet) is also active against CMV but is not as commonly used as Ganciclovir. - Choice C (Acyclovir) is not effective against CMV as it primarily targets herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. - Choice D ( ) is an incomplete choice and does not correspond to any known antiviral agent.

Question 2 of 5

Which macrolide antibiotic that can be given once a day for 3 days for * empirical treatment of ENT, respiratory and genital infections?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Azithromycin. It has a long half-life allowing for once-daily dosing for 3 days. Azithromycin is effective against common ENT, respiratory, and genital infections. Rationale: A: Erythromycin requires more frequent dosing due to shorter half-life. C: Clarithromycin is not typically given once a day for 3 days. D: Roxithromycin is less commonly used for these infections and has a shorter half-life.

Question 3 of 5

Which one of the following bactericidal antimycobacterial drugs binds to S12 * ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis when injectable drug is needed and also effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis drug, can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptomycin. Streptomycin binds to the S12 ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis and is used as an injectable drug. Streptomycin can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as side effects. Choice B: Ethambutol primarily inhibits cell wall synthesis and can cause optic neuritis. Choice C: Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis and can cause hepatotoxicity. Choice D: Rifampicin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and can cause hepatotoxicity and drug interactions.

Question 4 of 5

Which of the following antifungal agent act as fungicidal by inhibiting the * synthesis of β1,3 glucan used for the disseminated mucocutaneous Candida infections?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Caspofungin is a echinocandin antifungal that inhibits the synthesis of β1,3 glucan in the fungal cell wall, leading to cell death. This mechanism makes it fungicidal against Candida infections. Amphotericin B disrupts fungal cell membranes, while Flucytosine interferes with DNA/RNA synthesis. Ketoconazole inhibits ergosterol synthesis. Therefore, A is correct as it targets the specific mechanism for Candida infections.

Question 5 of 5

A 75 year old male with BPH has continues to have urinary symptoms of * prostatic obstruction after trial of alpha blocking drug tamsulosin . Dutasteride is added to his therapy,he is also taking hydrochlorothiazide sildenafil and

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sildenafil. Dutasteride and sildenafil are both metabolized by the same enzymes in the liver, specifically CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. When taken together, sildenafil can increase the blood levels of dutasteride, leading to a higher risk of side effects. Tamsulosin (choice B) is commonly used in combination with dutasteride for BPH without significant interactions. Testosterone (choice C) is not typically used in BPH treatment and does not interact significantly with dutasteride. Therefore, the potential interaction between dutasteride and sildenafil is the reason why choice D is correct.

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