ATI RN
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Antimetabolites are a diverse group of antineoplastic agents that interfere with various metabolic actions of the cell. The mechanism of action of antimetabolites interferes with:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because antimetabolites interfere with the synthesis of nucleic acids (RNA and/or DNA), affecting multiple stages of RNA and DNA synthesis. This disruption hinders cell division and leads to cell death. Choices A and B are incorrect because antimetabolites do not specifically target cell division during the M phase or normal cellular processes during the S phase. Choice C is also incorrect because antimetabolites primarily target nucleic acid synthesis rather than altering the chemical structure of DNA or the binding between DNA molecules.
Question 2 of 5
A client with uterine cancer asks the nurse, “Which is the most common type of cancer in women?” The nurse replies that it’s breast cancer. Which type of cancer causes the most deaths in women?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lung cancer. It causes the most deaths in women because it is often diagnosed at advanced stages when treatment options are limited. Breast cancer, although common, has a higher survival rate. Brain cancer is relatively rare compared to lung cancer. Colon and rectal cancer, while prevalent, do not surpass lung cancer in terms of mortality rates in women.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with bronchogenic carcinoma. Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ineffective airway clearance related to obstruction by a tumor or secretions. This is the highest priority because compromised airway clearance can lead to life-threatening complications such as respiratory distress or hypoxia. Ensuring effective airway clearance is crucial in preventing respiratory compromise and maintaining oxygenation. Choices A, C, and D are not the highest priority because they do not directly address the immediate risk to the client's physiological well-being. Treating disturbed body image, anxiety, or imbalanced nutrition are important but can be addressed after ensuring the client's airway is clear and they are able to breathe effectively.
Question 4 of 5
Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a client with multiple myeloma?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Preventing bone injury. In multiple myeloma, abnormal plasma cells can weaken bones, leading to fractures. Preventing bone injury involves educating the client on fall prevention, avoiding heavy lifting, and ensuring a safe environment. Monitoring respiratory status (A) is not the priority in multiple myeloma. Restricting fluid intake (B) is not directly related to managing multiple myeloma. Balancing rest and activity (C) is important for overall well-being but does not directly address the specific needs of a client with multiple myeloma.
Question 5 of 5
Several days before admission, a client reports finding a small lump in the left breast near the nipple. What should the nurse tell the client to do?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inform the physician immediately. This is important because finding a lump in the breast could be a sign of breast cancer, so prompt medical evaluation is crucial. Checking after the next menstrual cycle (B) may delay diagnosis and treatment. Squeezing the nipple (C) can cause harm and is not a reliable method for assessing a lump. Using a heating pad (D) is not recommended as it may mask symptoms and delay proper evaluation. Early detection and intervention are key in improving outcomes for breast cancer.