ATI RN
Questions About The Urinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Antidiuretic hormone matches with:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ADH is synthesized in the hypothalamus e.g., supraoptic nuclei, released by pituitary for water retention. JG cells secrete renin not ADH. Tube is ureter unrelated. Micturition is urination not hormone. Hypothalamic synthesis distinguishes it, critical for osmoregulation, unlike renal or action terms.
Question 2 of 5
In replying to a patient's questions about the seriousness of her chronic kidney disease, the nurse knows that the stage of chronic kidney disease is based on
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease staging relies on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), reflecting filtration capacity not urine output (variable), creatinine/urea (indicators, not staging), or mental status (symptom). This distinguishes GFR's diagnostic primacy, critical for CKD progression tracking, contrasting with secondary markers.
Question 3 of 5
A patient returns from her initial hemodialysis treatment with nausea, confusion, twitching and jerking. The pathophysiologic mechanism of dialysis responsible for these manifestations is a
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Disequilibrium syndrome from rapid solute removal creates a brain osmotic gradient, causing edema and neurological symptoms not heparin (bleeding), volume loss (hypotension), or sodium (electrolyte). This distinguishes dialysis complications, key for patient monitoring, contrasting with fluid dynamics.
Question 4 of 5
Distal convoluted tubules show:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Distal convoluted tubules (DCT) lack a brush border (proximal feature), have indistinct boundaries due to fewer microvilli, and show basal striations not wide diameter. This distinguishes DCT histology, key for reabsorption/secretion roles, contrasting with proximal traits.
Question 5 of 5
Concerning the function of the glomerular Mesangial cells:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mesangial cells contract to reduce GFR area and phagocytose debris not produce systemic angiotensin II (juxtaglomerular cells). 'A and C' are true, distinguishing mesangial roles, critical for filtration regulation, contrasting with renin-angiotensin.