Antidiabetic drugs are designed to control signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus. The nurse primarily expects a decrease in which?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blood glucose. Antidiabetic drugs work by lowering blood glucose levels, which is the primary goal in managing diabetes. By decreasing blood glucose, these drugs help to prevent complications associated with high blood sugar levels. Fat metabolism (B), glycogen storage (C), and protein mobilization (D) are not the primary targets of antidiabetic drugs. While they may be influenced indirectly, the main focus is on regulating blood glucose levels to maintain optimal health in individuals with diabetes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because both Tolbutamide (A) and Repaglinide (B) act by blocking ATP sensitive K+ channels on pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin secretion. Tolbutamide is a sulfonylurea, while Repaglinide is a meglitinide. Ciglitazone (C) is a thiazolidinedione that works by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, not by blocking ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly block ATP-sensitive K+ channels.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Radioactive iodine. Radioactive iodine is contraindicated in pregnant women due to its teratogenic effects on the developing fetus. It can cause fetal thyroid dysfunction and increase the risk of thyroid cancer later in life. Sodium iodide (A) and potassium iodide (C) are safe to use in pregnancy for managing thyrotoxicosis. Propylthiouracil (B) is also considered safe and is often the preferred treatment choice in pregnant women.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chlorpropamide. It is a sulfonylurea drug that can be used to treat Diabetes insipidus by increasing the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland, thereby reducing excessive urination. Voglibose (A) is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used for diabetes mellitus. Metformin (B) is a biguanide used for type 2 diabetes. Pioglitazone (D) is a thiazolidinedione also used for type 2 diabetes but not for Diabetes insipidus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: seminiferous tubules. Sperm production begins in the seminiferous tubules of the testes through a process called spermatogenesis. This is where immature germ cells called spermatogonia undergo multiple divisions to eventually form mature sperm cells. The other choices, B: epididymis, C: vas deferens, and D: ejaculatory duct, are incorrect as they are not sites of sperm production but rather play roles in sperm maturation, storage, and transportation during ejaculation.