Antibiotics inhibiting the bacterial cell wall synthesis are:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Beta-lactam antibiotics. These antibiotics work by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls through binding to penicillin-binding proteins, leading to cell lysis. Tetracyclines (B) inhibit protein synthesis, aminoglycosides (C) disrupt protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes, and macrolides (D) interfere with protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. Therefore, only beta-lactam antibiotics directly target bacterial cell wall synthesis, making them the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Praziquantel. It is effective against a broad spectrum of parasitic infections including cestodosis, trematodosis, and cysticercosis. Praziquantel works by causing paralysis in the parasites, leading to their detachment from the host's tissues. It is well-tolerated and has minimal side effects. Incorrect choices: A: Piperazine - Effective against roundworm infections, not effective for cestodosis, trematodosis, or cysticercosis. B: Ivermectin - Effective mainly against roundworm and certain mite infections, not the ideal choice for cestodosis and trematodosis. D: Pyrantel - Effective against roundworm and hookworm infections, not the optimal choice for cestodosis, trematodosis, or cysticercosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Triamterene. Triamterene is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which means it helps retain potassium in the body. In familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis, there is already low potassium levels, so giving a potassium-sparing diuretic like triamterene could further decrease potassium levels and worsen the condition. Mannitol (A) is an osmotic diuretic, Hydrochlorothiazide (B) is a thiazide diuretic, and Ethacrynic acid (C) is a loop diuretic, all of which can cause potassium loss and exacerbate hypokalemia in this patient.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acetazolamide. This medication is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor commonly used to treat glaucoma and altitude sickness. It can cause depression as a side effect. Mannitol (A) is an osmotic diuretic, Latanoprost (B) and Timolol (C) are both glaucoma medications that do not typically cause depression. Therefore, Acetazolamide is the most likely culprit for the symptoms in the depressed man.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.