ANP

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ANP inhibits ADH secretion, promoting diuresis to lower volume/BP, countering ADH's water retention. It reduces BP, not increases, via vasodilation/natriuresis. Dopamine responsiveness isn't ANP-mediated ANP acts via cGMP. ANPR-A (active) has higher affinity than ANPR-C (clearance). ADH inhibition distinguishes ANP's role, key to fluid regulation, unlike BP, dopamine, or receptor claims.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hypothalamus regulates renal function via ADH (water balance) and RAAS (blood pressure) essential for kidney homeostasis. Movement (basal ganglia/cerebellum) and visual acuity (occipital cortex/optic nerve) aren't hypothalamic renal control is. Its endocrine-renal link distinguishes it, critical for fluid/pressure regulation, unlike motor or sensory roles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The anterior pituitary is regulated by hypothalamic releasing hormones (e.g., TRH, GHRH) via the hypophyseal portal system, not muscle, peripheral nerves, thalamus, or CSF directly. This hypothalamic control distinguishes it as the endocrine 'master gland' coordinator, critical for thyroid, adrenal, and growth functions, contrasting with unrelated physiological triggers.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Calcitriol (active vitamin D), though not a thyroid hormone, is mislisted calcitonin from thyroid C-cells lowers blood calcium, unlike T3/T4 (metabolism), TRH/TSH (thyroid stimulators). Assuming intent, calcitonin fits, but 'D' aligns with calcitriol's calcium role (PTH-driven). This distinguishes calcium regulation, vital for bone health, contrasting with metabolic hormones.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cortisol (glucocorticoid), hGH (growth), and thyroid hormones sustain long-term stress responses energy mobilization, repair, metabolism unlike insulin/glucagon (short-term glucose), aldosterone (electrolytes), PTH/calcitonin (calcium). This triad distinguishes chronic stress adaptation, vital for survival, contrasting with acute or unrelated regulators.