Angina pectoris is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because angina pectoris is defined as severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart due to coronary disease. This pain typically radiates to the left shoulder and arm due to reduced oxygen delivery to the heart muscle. Option B describes ventricular fibrillation, not angina. Option C refers to heart failure, not angina. Option D is incorrect as it includes unrelated conditions, making it an incorrect choice. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer for the definition of angina pectoris.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pituitary diabetes insipidus. Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone, is indicated for the treatment of central diabetes insipidus, a condition where the body produces insufficient amounts of vasopressin. Vasopressin helps regulate water balance in the body by reducing urine output. Diabetes mellitus (choice A) is a different condition related to insulin deficiency or resistance. Hypertension (choice B) is not a direct indication for vasopressin use. Incompleted abortion (choice D) is unrelated to vasopressin indications.Therefore, the correct answer is C as it aligns with the intended therapeutic use of vasopressin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Rationale: A: True. Estradiol binds strongly to α2-globulin and albumin with lower affinity compared to estrone and estriol. B: True. Estradiol is metabolized in the liver and other tissues to estrone, estriol, and their derivatives before being excreted in bile. C: True. Estrone and estriol have lower affinity for estrogen receptors compared to estradiol but still exhibit estrogenic effects. Therefore, all statements are accurate, making option D the correct answer. Other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately depict the properties and metabolism of estrogens.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Indometacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug known to cause various side effects. A: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and pancreatitis are common gastrointestinal side effects of indometacin. B: Dizziness, confusion, and depression are known central nervous system side effects of indometacin. C: Thrombocytopenia, a decrease in platelet count, is a potential hematological side effect of indometacin. Therefore, all the listed side effects are associated with indometacin, making option D the correct answer. Other choices are incorrect as they do not encompass the full range of side effects associated with indometacin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Interferon gamma is indicated for Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) due to its role in enhancing the immune response against intracellular pathogens. CGD is a genetic disorder where phagocytes are unable to produce reactive oxygen species, leading to recurrent infections. Interferon gamma helps activate macrophages to improve host defense against pathogens in CGD patients. Incorrect choices: A: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome - Interferon gamma is not indicated for this condition as it is primarily used for immune modulation, not for kidney-related issues. B: Hepatitis C virus infection - While interferon alpha is used for hepatitis C, interferon gamma is not the primary treatment for this viral infection. D: Hairy cell leukemia - Interferon alpha is the preferred treatment for hairy cell leukemia, not interferon gamma.