ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment 1 and 2 Questions
Question 1 of 5
“Analgesic, Antipyretic†is an example of :
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: "Analgesic, Antipyretic" describes the pharmacologic class of the drug, indicating that it has pain-relieving (analgesic) and fever-reducing (antipyretic) properties. Pharmacologic class refers to the category or group of medications that have similar pharmacological effects or act on the body in a similar way. In this case, the drug is categorized as an analgesic and antipyretic, which defines its primary therapeutic actions.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with a tendency to produce bone marrow depression?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenylbutazone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known for its potential to cause bone marrow depression. Bone marrow depression is a serious side effect that can lead to decreased production of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This can result in an increased risk of infections, anemia, and bleeding disorders. Therefore, phenylbutazone should be used cautiously and under close monitoring to avoid this complication. Aspirin, Colchicine, Ibuprofen, and Acetaminophen are not typically associated with causing bone marrow depression as a side effect.
Question 3 of 5
A patient in the outpatient oncology clinic has developed mucositis after receiving fluorouracil. Which statement made by the patient indicates the need for additional teaching about mucositis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mucositis, inflammation of the mucous membranes, is a common side effect of chemotherapy. Using alcohol-based mouthwash can exacerbate mucositis by causing further irritation and dryness. The patient should be taught to use gentle, non-alcoholic mouth rinses, such as saline or baking soda solutions, to soothe the mucosa. Ice pops, ice chips, and a soft toothbrush are appropriate measures to manage mucositis. The nurse should provide additional teaching to correct the misconception about alcohol-based mouthwash and emphasize the importance of gentle oral care.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse practitioner has written a number of stat orders for drugs to treat a patient on the medical-surgical unit who has suffered an acute anaphylactic reaction with hives and bronchospasm during infusion of an IV antibiotic. Which priority drug would the nurse administer first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its rapid action in reversing bronchospasm, vasodilation, and hypotension. It acts on alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors to constrict blood vessels, relax bronchial smooth muscle, and increase cardiac output. Steroids (A) and diphenhydramine (D) are adjuncts to manage inflammation and histamine release but are not immediate lifesaving measures. Dopamine (B) is used for hypotension but is not the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis.
Question 5 of 5
A patient states during a medical history that he takes several acetaminophen tablets throughout the day for acute pain. The nurse teaches the patient that the dosage should not exceed which amount?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic, but excessive doses can lead to severe liver damage. The maximum recommended daily dose for adults is 4 grams (4000 mg). Exceeding this limit increases the risk of hepatotoxicity, which can be life-threatening. Nurses should educate patients about the importance of adhering to the recommended dosage and checking the acetaminophen content in over-the-counter medications to avoid accidental overdose. This teaching is critical for patient safety and preventing adverse outcomes.