An unconscious client with a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head is admitted. Family members allude to the existence of a living will in which the client mandates no implementation of life support. What is the legal obligation of the health-care team?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Follow the directions given in the living will because of mandates by state law. In this scenario, the living will is a legal document that expresses the client's wishes regarding medical treatment in case they become incapacitated. State laws typically require healthcare providers to honor living wills. This legal obligation supersedes the family's wishes, ethical principles like nonmaleficence (do no harm) or beneficence (do good). Therefore, it is essential for the health-care team to follow the specific directives outlined in the living will to respect the client's autonomy and ensure their wishes are honored.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: She should experience a reduction in hallucinations. Rationale: 1. First-generation antipsychotic medications are primarily used to target positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations. 2. These medications work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which can help reduce hallucinations. 3. Memory problems, depressive episodes, and social interactions are not directly addressed by first-generation antipsychotics. 4. Therefore, the nurse should inform the patient that the medication is likely to help reduce her hallucinations, leading to an improvement in her symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because paliperidone is a second-generation antipsychotic known for having a lower risk of causing extrapyramidal side effects like dystonia compared to first-generation antipsychotics. This is due to its mechanism of action and receptor profile. Choice A is incorrect as neutropenia is not a common side effect of paliperidone. Choice B is incorrect as paliperidone is available in both oral and long-acting injectable forms. Choice C is incorrect as paliperidone is a second-generation antipsychotic, not a first-generation antipsychotic.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer, D, is the most accurate definition of biosexual identity. Biosexual identity refers to the anatomic and physiologic state of being male or female, which is determined by biological factors such as chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive anatomy. This definition focuses on the physical aspects of gender and is not influenced by personal convictions, outward expressions, or sexual attraction. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not specifically address the biological aspects of gender identity, which are central to understanding biosexual identity. Choice A focuses on personal conviction, choice B on outward expression, and choice C on sexual attraction, all of which are separate from the biological determinants of gender.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: St. John's wort. St. John's wort is commonly used for treating depression due to its potential antidepressant effects. It works by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain. Valerian (A) is primarily used for insomnia and anxiety. Kava (C) is used for anxiety and stress, not depression. Melatonin (D) is used for sleep disorders, not depression. Therefore, St. John's wort is the most appropriate choice for a patient with depression.