An overweight woman joins a support group to help her lose weight. During her first session, the nurse explains the components of a healthy diet and discusses with the woman how she can eat out and still maintain a healthy diet. She asks the woman what her goal is and emphasizes that she herself is the key to success. What is the nurse promoting through the use of this strategy?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse is promoting empowerment through her strategy. Empowerment involves giving individuals the knowledge, skills, and confidence to take control of their own health and well-being. By emphasizing that the woman herself is the key to success, the nurse is encouraging self-efficacy and personal responsibility in achieving her weight loss goals. Option A, communication, is not the focus of this scenario, although effective communication is important in healthcare. Option B, values, is not directly related to the nurse's strategy of promoting the woman's self-reliance. Option C, advanced planning, while important in maintaining a healthy diet, is not the primary concept being highlighted in this context. From an educational perspective, understanding empowerment in healthcare is crucial for nurses and other healthcare professionals to help individuals make informed decisions about their health. By empowering patients, healthcare providers can support them in making sustainable lifestyle changes and taking ownership of their health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question related to health promotion and maintenance, the correct answer is option C) "The individual will verbalize the importance of daily exercise." This is an example of an affective learning objective because it focuses on the individual's ability to express their understanding and belief in the importance of daily exercise. Option A is not as effective because understanding alone does not necessarily translate into action. Option B is more focused on demonstrating, which is more aligned with psychomotor learning objectives rather than affective objectives. Option D is also less effective because believing in something is more of a cognitive aspect rather than an affective one. In an educational context, when setting affective learning objectives, it is important to focus on the individual's attitudes, beliefs, and values towards a particular behavior or concept. Verbalizing one's understanding and belief in the importance of exercise indicates a deeper level of internalization and commitment, which is key in promoting behavior change and health maintenance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) The DRI is used to plan and assess diets of healthy people. Explanation of why C is correct: The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are a set of reference values that are used to plan and assess the nutrient intakes of healthy individuals. These values include Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) that serve as guidelines for nutrient intake to maintain health and prevent chronic diseases. Explanation of why others are wrong: A) The DRI is not specifically focused on monitoring deficiencies in nutritional intakes of obese populations. It is a broader set of guidelines applicable to all healthy individuals. B) While the DRI does establish minimal amounts of nutrients to prevent deficiencies, its primary purpose is not solely to protect against nutrient deficiency but to provide comprehensive guidance on nutrient intake. D) The DRI does set guidelines to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes from inadequate nutrient consumption, but it is not solely focused on minimal guidelines. It provides a range of values to promote optimal health. Educational context: Understanding the purpose of the Dietary Reference Intakes is essential for healthcare professionals to guide individuals in achieving proper nutritional intake. By knowing how to interpret and apply the DRI values, healthcare providers can help individuals make informed dietary choices to support their overall health and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Pesticide on the fresh fruit. Chemical contamination of food can lead to food-borne illnesses. Pesticides are chemicals used to kill pests on crops but can be harmful if ingested. In the context of the outbreak investigation, finding pesticides on fresh fruit could explain the food-borne illness. Option A, unintended allergen added to food, is incorrect as allergens typically cause allergic reactions, not food-borne illnesses. Option B, bacteria on the countertops, is incorrect as bacterial contamination usually results in food poisoning, not chemical contamination. Option D, metal shavings in the food from a dull can opener, is incorrect as it pertains to physical contamination, not chemical contamination. Educationally, understanding the sources and types of food contamination is crucial for healthcare professionals like nurses to prevent and manage food-borne illnesses. Being able to differentiate between chemical, bacterial, and physical contaminants helps in effective outbreak investigations and implementing appropriate interventions to ensure public health and safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option A) a 66-year-old White woman. Osteoporosis is more common in women, especially postmenopausal White women, due to lower peak bone mass and accelerated bone loss after menopause. This demographic group is at the highest risk for hip fractures related to osteoporosis. Option B) a 66-year-old African American woman has a lower risk compared to White women due to generally higher bone mineral density in African American women. Option C) a 66-year-old White man has a lower risk than a White woman due to men typically having higher peak bone mass and slower bone loss compared to women. Option D) a 66-year-old African American man also has a lower risk compared to White women due to higher bone mineral density in African American individuals. Educationally, understanding the demographic and gender-specific risks associated with osteoporosis and hip fractures is crucial for healthcare providers to provide targeted prevention strategies and care for at-risk individuals. Encouraging weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and screening for osteoporosis can help reduce the risk of hip fractures in high-risk populations.