ATI RN
ATI Hematologic System Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
An older client asks the nurse why 'people my age' have weaker immune systems than younger people. What responses by the nurse are best? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: - As we age, there is a decrease in the production of plasma proteins, which are essential for immune function. - Lower levels of plasma proteins can lead to a weaker immune response. - This decline in plasma proteins can make older individuals more susceptible to infections. - Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the impact of aging on immune system function.
Question 2 of 5
A 40 year old patient is presented with unilateral palpebral edema and ipsilateral lymphadenopathy. He later develops megaesophagus and megacolon as complications. Which of the following vector is responsible for this parasitic infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rhodnius prolixus. This vector is responsible for transmitting Trypanosoma cruzi, causing Chagas disease. The initial symptoms of unilateral palpebral edema and lymphadenopathy are characteristic of Chagas disease. The complications of megaesophagus and megacolon are also common manifestations of chronic Chagas disease. Glossina morsitans (A) transmits African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), Ixodes scapularis (B) transmits Lyme disease, and Simulium damnosum (D) transmits onchocerciasis (river blindness), so they are not associated with the symptoms described.
Question 3 of 5
The typical Reed-Sternberg cells are either infrequent or absent. Instead, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells or 'popcorn cells' are seen within a background of inflammatory cells, which are predominantly benign lymphocytes. Which type of Hodgkin's lymphoma best suit the description?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lymphocyte predominance. In this type of Hodgkin's lymphoma, the typical Reed-Sternberg cells are absent or rare. Instead, popcorn cells (lymphocytic and histiocytic cells) are seen among benign lymphocytes. This is characteristic of lymphocyte predominance subtype. A: Nodular sclerosis - characterized by lacunar Reed-Sternberg cells in a background of collagen bands. B: Mixed cellularity - characterized by numerous Reed-Sternberg cells, eosinophils, plasma cells, and histiocytes in a background of mixed inflammatory cells. C: Lymphocyte depleted - characterized by few Reed-Sternberg cells in a background of fibrosis and few inflammatory cells. Therefore, based on the description provided, choice D is the most appropriate answer.
Question 4 of 5
Mr XY was found to be anemic. During history taking, he informed his doctor that he was a strict vegetarian who did not consume any meat, fish or milk products.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B (Vitamin B12 deficiency) Rationale: 1. Mr. XY is a strict vegetarian, avoiding meat, fish, and milk products. 2. Vitamin B12 is mainly found in animal products, crucial for red blood cell production. 3. Vegetarians at risk of B12 deficiency due to limited dietary sources. 4. Anemia can result from B12 deficiency, leading to decreased red blood cell production. Summary: A: Iron deficiency - Possible but less likely since vegetarian diets can still provide iron. C: Defects in erythropoietin production - Unrelated to diet, more related to kidney function. D: Calcium-deficiency - Not directly related to anemia; more associated with bone health.
Question 5 of 5
Bone marrow responds to iron therapy by increasing erythropoietic activity. Which of the following in bone marrow would most likely indicate erythropoiesis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Reticulocytes. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells released by the bone marrow into the bloodstream in response to increased erythropoietic activity. They indicate ongoing erythropoiesis as they mature into fully functional red blood cells. Myelocytes (A) are immature granulocytic precursors, not involved in erythropoiesis. Ring sideroblasts (C) are seen in conditions like sideroblastic anemia and indicate abnormal iron metabolism. Target cells (D) are red blood cells with a central bull's eye appearance and are associated with conditions like liver disease and thalassemias, not specifically erythropoiesis.