Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stand on one foot at a time while supported. This exercise helps improve balance by challenging the proprioceptive system. By standing on one foot while supported, the older adult can gradually strengthen their muscles and improve their balance. Other choices like exercising with light weights may not specifically target balance, training with sit-ups focuses more on core strength, and working out in a swimming pool may provide buoyancy but may not directly address the balance concern.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it directly addresses the older woman's emotional response to the instructions, showing empathy and understanding. By asking how she feels, the nurse can uncover any concerns or fears she may have, leading to effective communication and tailored support. Moving on to medication (A) ignores the woman's distress, potentially worsening the situation. Instructing the interpreter to repeat instructions (C) may not address the underlying issue. Having the woman repeat instructions (D) does not acknowledge her emotional state and may not resolve her tension.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Help each person with individual activities. This intervention aligns with promoting gerotranscendence, as it focuses on supporting older adults in engaging in personal growth and reflection. By assisting individuals with meaningful activities tailored to their preferences and abilities, the nurse encourages self-discovery and personal fulfillment. A: Giving a daily tea party for the group may foster social interaction but does not necessarily address individual growth or self-reflection. B: Calling each family to encourage visiting may help reduce isolation but does not directly promote gerotranscendence. C: Assisting them to resume midlife patterns may not be suitable as older adults may benefit more from exploring new activities and perspectives in their later years.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because super-centenarians, who are individuals aged 110 years or older, often exhibit a high level of functional independence despite their advanced age. This is supported by research showing that many super-centenarians maintain physical and cognitive abilities that allow them to perform daily activities without significant assistance. This statement aligns with the concept of successful aging, where individuals maintain autonomy and independence in later years. Option A is incorrect because a significant number of super-centenarians are not dependent on full-time nursing care for daily activities. Option C is incorrect as many super-centenarians can still engage in social activities despite health limitations. Option D is incorrect as most super-centenarians do not experience severe cognitive decline that affects their daily living.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cataracts. Cataracts are the most common type of vision impairment in older adults due to the clouding of the eye's lens. As people age, proteins in the lens can clump together, leading to vision issues. Glaucoma (B) is characterized by damage to the optic nerve, AMD (C) affects the macula in the retina, and diabetic retinopathy (D) is a complication of diabetes affecting blood vessels in the retina. However, cataracts are the primary cause of vision impairment in older adults due to the natural aging process of the eye.