An older adult patient will be taking a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of most concern for the older adult patient taking this class of drug?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most concerning adverse effect for an older adult patient taking a vasodilator for hypertension is hypotension, which refers to abnormally low blood pressure levels. Older adults are more susceptible to experiencing drops in blood pressure due to age-related changes in their cardiovascular system. Vasodilators work by dilating blood vessels, which can further lower blood pressure. Excessive hypotension can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, weakness, and falls, which can be particularly dangerous for older adults who are at a higher risk of injury. Close monitoring of blood pressure and gradual dosage titration are essential in older adult patients to minimize the risk of hypotension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse will know that it is important to teach the patient to take extra precautions when standing up because of the potential risk of orthostatic hypotension and falls while taking a diuretic for hypertension. Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect of diuretics, which can lead to dizziness or lightheadedness when changing positions, particularly when standing up quickly. This can increase the risk of falls and injury, especially in elderly patients like this 79-year-old individual. Therefore, the teaching point about taking extra precautions while standing up is crucial for the safety and well-being of the patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: ACE inhibitors are known to cause a decrease in blood pressure as part of their mechanism of action. Monitoring the patient's blood pressure regularly while on ACE inhibitors is crucial to identify any significant drops that may lead to hypotension. This proactive monitoring allows healthcare providers to adjust the dosage of the medication or provide necessary interventions to prevent adverse effects such as dizziness, syncope, or compromised tissue perfusion. Monitoring ins and outs with patients using ACE inhibitors primarily focuses on assessing for potential decreased blood pressure as a key safety measure during treatment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lithium is commonly used as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It is particularly effective in reducing the frequency and severity of manic episodes. By stabilizing mood and decreasing manic symptoms, lithium helps to prevent the occurrence of acute manic episodes in individuals with bipolar disorder. It does not specifically target blood pressure, seizure activity, or urinary output.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lithium is commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, specifically for managing acute manic episodes and preventing future episodes of mania or depression. It helps stabilize mood and reduce the frequency and severity of mood swings in individuals with bipolar disorder. Lithium works by modulating neurotransmitter activity in the brain, particularly affecting the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine. It is not indicated for the treatment of hypertension, nausea, or thyroid disorders.