ATI RN
Introduction to Pharmacology ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
An older adult patient will be taking a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of most concern for the older adult patient taking this class of drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most concerning adverse effect for an older adult patient taking a vasodilator for hypertension is hypotension, which is abnormally low blood pressure. Older adults may be more sensitive to the blood pressure-lowering effects of vasodilators due to age-related changes in the cardiovascular system. Hypotension can lead to dizziness, lightheadedness, falls, and even fainting, increasing the risk of injury in older adults. Monitoring blood pressure regularly and adjusting the dosage appropriately are crucial in managing this potential adverse effect in older patients.
Question 2 of 5
A pregnant client is receiving magnesium sulfate therapy for the control of preeclampsia. A nurse discovers that the client is encountering toxicity from the medication in which of the following assessments?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Magnesium sulfate toxicity can cause respiratory depression, which is indicated by a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute or less. This is a life-threatening complication requiring immediate intervention. Deep tendon reflexes are typically absent in severe toxicity, not present. A urine output of 25 ml/hr may indicate renal impairment but is not specific to magnesium toxicity. A serum magnesium level of 7 mEq/L is elevated but does not alone confirm toxicity without clinical symptoms. Therefore, respiratory depression is the key indicator.
Question 3 of 5
When reviewing the mechanisms of action of diuretics, the nurse knows that which statement is true about loop diuretics?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as furosemide and bumetanide, work by inhibiting the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle in the kidney. This mechanism of action leads to a significant diuretic effect. Loop diuretics have a rapid onset of action, typically within 30 minutes of administration, and they cause rapid diuresis. This rapid onset and potent diuretic effect make loop diuretics effective in situations requiring rapid removal of excess fluid, such as heart failure exacerbation or acute pulmonary edema.
Question 4 of 5
An infant is prescribed nystatin (Mycostatin) for treatment of infant oral candidiasis, or thrush. Which information should the nurse provide to the infant's caregiver in regard to this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nystatin is used to treat oral thrush in infants, a fungal infection often linked to Candida albicans, which can be transmitted between mother and child during breastfeeding. The key instruction for the caregiver is that the breastfeeding mother may also need treatment to prevent reinfection, as Candida can persist on the mother's nipples. This addresses the infection's source comprehensively. Giving medication before feeding may reduce efficacy as milk washes it away too quickly. Water beforehand isn't necessary and could dilute the dose. Using a cotton swab is a technique but not the priority instruction compared to preventing recurrence. Since the correct answer includes multiple options (3, 5), and choice D aligns with the critical need to treat the mother, it's the focus here for its systemic impact on treatment success.
Question 5 of 5
A patient™s blood pressure elevates to 270/150 mm Hg, and a hypertensive emergency is obvious.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a hypertensive emergency where a patient's blood pressure is extremely elevated (such as 270/150 mm Hg in this case), one of the medications commonly used is a titratable intravenous antihypertensive medication like nicardipine. The maximum dose of nicardipine that should be infused is typically guided by the patient's response to treatment and not a fixed duration of time. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it highlights the importance of titrating the medication based on the patient's blood pressure response, rather than a specific time frame for infusion. Utilizing the drug at the lowest effective dose is crucial to avoid potential adverse effects, especially in a hypertensive emergency scenario.