ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
An older adult patient receiving iso-osmolar continuous enteral nutrition develops restlessness, agitation, and weakness. Which laboratory result should the nurse report to the health care provider immediately?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Na+ 154 mEq/L (154 mmol/L). High sodium levels can indicate hypernatremia, which can lead to neurological symptoms like restlessness, agitation, and weakness in older adults. This condition can be life-threatening if not promptly addressed. A: K+ 3.4 mEq/L is slightly low but not an immediate concern for neurological symptoms. B: Ca+2 7.8 mg/dL is within the normal range, and low calcium levels typically do not present with the described symptoms. D: Base balance is not a specific laboratory result and is not directly related to the symptoms described.
Question 2 of 5
Rapid correction of the acidosis should be avoided, because tetany may occur as a result of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because tachypnea is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis, helping to blow off excess CO2 and decrease the blood's acidity. Rapidly correcting acidosis can lead to a sudden decrease in CO2 levels, potentially causing tetany due to respiratory alkalosis. Choice A discusses renal replacement therapies, not directly related to the risk of tetany. Choice C mentions intubation, which is not the immediate concern for tetany. Choice D is blank.
Question 3 of 5
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) differs from conventional intermittent hemodialysis in that
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because CRRT removes solutes and water slowly over an extended period, providing gentler fluid and solute balance adjustments. A is incorrect because CRRT uses a hemofilter for filtration, not ultrafiltration. B is incorrect because CRRT actually removes solutes and water more slowly than intermittent hemodialysis. C is incorrect because diffusion does occur in CRRT, just at a slower rate compared to intermittent hemodialysis. Therefore, the slower solute and water removal process in CRRT distinguishes it from conventional intermittent hemodialysis.
Question 4 of 5
The most common reasons for initiating dialysis in acute kidney injury include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Volume overload. In acute kidney injury, impaired kidney function leads to fluid accumulation, causing volume overload. This is a common reason to initiate dialysis to remove excess fluid. Acidosis (choice A) and hyperkalemia (choice D) are also indications for dialysis, but volume overload is more common in acute kidney injury. Hypokalemia (choice B) is not a typical reason for initiating dialysis in acute kidney injury, as it involves low potassium levels rather than fluid overload.
Question 5 of 5
Which of these statements applies to transeellular fluid?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because transcellular fluid refers to fluid that is contained within specific cavities of the body, such as cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and digestive juices. This fluid is not freely exchangeable with other body fluids, so its volume is generally not affected by changes in overall hydration status. A is incorrect because interstitial fluid in the central nervous system is not considered transcellular fluid. B is incorrect because the volume of transcellular fluid can vary based on specific bodily functions. C is incorrect because while transcellular fluid is a component of extracellular fluid, it does not form the largest percentage.