An older adult client asks the nurse what can be done to decrease the risk of developing pneumonia. Which responses by the nurse are most appropriate? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Option B is correct because smoking weakens the lungs and increases the risk of pneumonia. Eliminating this habit can decrease the risk. Option A is incorrect because there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of L. casei immunitas cultures in preventing pneumonia. Option C is incorrect because while the pneumonia vaccination is important, it is not the most appropriate response to directly address the client's inquiry about reducing the risk. Option D is incorrect because moderate alcohol consumption is not a significant risk factor for pneumonia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: using aseptic techniques when inserting a catheter. This is because maintaining a sterile environment during catheter insertion helps prevent introducing harmful bacteria that can lead to sepsis. Aseptic techniques reduce the risk of infection. Choices B and C are incorrect because negative airflow rooms and airborne precautions are primarily used for airborne infections, not sepsis prevention. Choice D is incorrect as teaching proper tampon use does not directly relate to preventing sepsis in hospitalized clients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The client's statement indicates understanding of the importance of follow-up urine culture after completing antibiotic treatment for a UTI to ensure eradication of the infection. This shows compliance with medical advice and monitoring treatment efficacy. Choice B (Kegel exercises) is irrelevant to UTI treatment. Choice C (increasing fluid intake) is a general good practice but not specific to UTI treatment. Choice D (wearing cotton underwear) is not directly related to UTI treatment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because wearing a respirator and gown when caring for a client with TB is essential to prevent the spread of the disease through respiratory droplets. This protective equipment helps to minimize the risk of healthcare workers inhaling the TB bacteria. Choice A is incorrect because stocking the client's supply cart does not directly address infection prevention for TB. Choice C is incorrect because having the client wear a mask is not as effective as the healthcare provider wearing personal protective equipment. Choice D is incorrect because hand hygiene should be performed both before and after caring for the client with TB to prevent the spread of infection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Press firmly on the lesion. By pressing firmly on the lesion, the nurse can assess if the reddened area blanches (turns white) temporarily, indicating intradermal bleeding. Elevating the leg (choice A) may help with circulation but does not directly assess intradermal bleeding. Checking skin temperature (choice C) does not provide information about intradermal bleeding. Palpating pulses (choice D) assesses vascular status but does not directly assess intradermal bleeding. Pressing firmly on the lesion is the most direct way to determine if the redness is related to intradermal bleeding.