ATI RN
Psychobiological Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
An obese patient has a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Medications that block which receptors would contribute to further weight gain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: H1 receptors. Blockade of histamine H1 receptors by antipsychotic medications can lead to increased appetite and weight gain in obese patients. Histamine plays a role in regulating appetite and energy balance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because blocking 5 HT2 receptors (B) can actually lead to weight loss, acetylcholine (C) blockade is not associated with weight gain, and GABA (D) is not directly involved in weight regulation.
Question 2 of 5
A patient needs diagnostic evaluation of sleep problems. Which test will evaluate the patient for possible sleep-related problems?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Electroencephalogram (EEG). An EEG is used to monitor brain activity during sleep, helping to diagnose sleep disorders like sleep apnea or narcolepsy. It measures electrical activity in the brain, providing valuable information on sleep patterns and any abnormalities. Skull x-rays (A) are not useful for evaluating sleep problems. PET (C) and SPECT (D) scans are imaging techniques that show brain activity but are not specifically designed for sleep evaluation. EEG is the most appropriate choice for assessing sleep-related issues due to its ability to directly measure brain activity during sleep.
Question 3 of 5
A person is prescribed lorazepam 2 mg PO bid as needed for anxiety. When the person takes this medication, which change in sleep is anticipated? The patient will
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: have less slow-wave sleep. When a person takes lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, it acts on the central nervous system by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA. This results in a decrease in slow-wave sleep, which is the deep restorative stage of sleep. Lorazepam can reduce the time spent in this stage and may lead to more fragmented sleep patterns. This change in sleep architecture is a common effect of benzodiazepines. Other choices are incorrect because: A: There is no direct correlation between lorazepam and the frequency of dreams. C: Lorazepam can actually decrease sleep latency, making it easier to fall asleep. D: Lorazepam usually does not affect the initial stages of sleep, such as REM sleep.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse counsels a patient on ways to determine the person's total sleep requirement. Which instruction would produce the most accurate results?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: 1. By going to bed at the usual time, the patient maintains their regular sleep schedule, minimizing external factors that could affect sleep duration. 2. Waking up without an alarm allows the patient's body to naturally wake up, indicating when they have had sufficient rest. 3. Recording the hours slept for a week and calculating the average provides a more accurate estimate of their total sleep requirement. 4. This method is practical, easy to follow, and directly measures the individual's sleep needs. Summary of other choices: A: Dream content and related feelings do not directly measure sleep requirement. C: Alertness rating may fluctuate due to other factors, not solely sleep duration. D: Prescribing a fixed amount of sleep for all adults does not account for individual variability in sleep needs.
Question 5 of 5
A patient reports, Nearly every night I awaken feeling frightened after a bad dream. The dream usually involves being hunted by people trying to hurt me. It usually happens between 4 and 5 AM. The nurse assesses this disorder as most consistent with criteria for which problem?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nightmare disorder. This is because the patient describes experiencing frightening dreams that awaken them between 4 and 5 AM, which is characteristic of nightmare disorder. Nightmares are vivid and disturbing dreams that occur during REM sleep, leading to feelings of fear, anxiety, or terror upon waking. The other choices are incorrect because sleep deprivation (A) refers to inadequate quantity or quality of sleep, night terror disorder (C) involves sudden awakening with intense fear and confusion, and REM sleep behavior disorder (D) is characterized by acting out dreams physically during REM sleep.