An obese Hispanic client, age 65, is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which statement about diabetes mellitus is true?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that affects people of all ages, but the prevalence increases with age. As people get older, their risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus also increases. Research has shown that nearly two-thirds of individuals with diabetes are over the age of 60. Age is a significant risk factor for developing diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, which is more common in older individuals. Therefore, the statement "Nearly two-thirds of clients with diabetes mellitus are over the age of 60" is true.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The characteristic movement of Parkinson's disease is the pronation-supination of the hand and forearm, also known as the "pill-rolling" tremor. This movement interferes with normal hand activities and is a common early sign of Parkinson's disease. Exaggerated muscle flaccidity leading to frequent falls and hyperextension of the back and neck are not typically associated with Parkinson's disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most likely cause of her chief complaint this morning is a frequent complication of the hypophysectomy. A hypophysectomy is the surgical removal of the pituitary gland. One common complication following a hypophysectomy is diabetes insipidus, characterized by polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst). This occurs because the removal of the pituitary gland can disrupt the regulation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which plays a key role in maintaining water balance in the body. Therefore, it is the most likely cause of the patient's chief complaint of polyuria this morning.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a patient with right-sided paralysis following a stroke, the most appropriate position is option B) On the side with support to the back, pillows to keep the body in alignment, hips slightly flexed, and a washcloth placed so that fingers are slightly curled. This position helps prevent complications such as contractures and pressure ulcers by maintaining proper alignment and providing support to the affected side. Option A is incorrect because tightly holding a rolled washcloth may restrict circulation and lead to skin breakdown. Option C is unsuitable as placing the patient on the back with two large pillows under the head and a pillow under the knees does not adequately address the specific needs of a patient with right-sided paralysis. Option D is incorrect as not using pillows under the back can lead to poor alignment and discomfort for the patient. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind positioning in patients with paralysis is crucial for nursing students. Proper positioning can help prevent complications and promote comfort and recovery in patients with neurological deficits. It is essential for nurses to have a sound knowledge of positioning techniques to provide optimal care for patients with various conditions like stroke.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bacon contains the highest kilocalories among the food choices provided. Bacon is high in fat, with approximately 42 kilocalories per slice (8 grams) compared to other options like an apple (52 kilocalories), chicken (231 kilocalories), and bread (79 kilocalories). The high fat content in bacon contributes to its higher caloric value compared to the other choices listed. As such, bacon is the food choice with the highest kilocalorie content in this selection.