An LMA:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of oxygen therapy, understanding the correct use of supraglottic airway devices like the LMA (Laryngeal Mask Airway) is crucial for nursing practice. The correct answer, D) Tip sits in the esophageal inlet, is the right choice because the LMA is designed to sit above the glottis with its tip in the esophageal inlet. This positioning allows for ventilation by creating a seal around the larynx without entering the trachea, making it a valuable tool for managing airways in various clinical settings. Option A) Is inserted through the nose into the vallecula is incorrect because LMAs are typically inserted through the mouth, not the nose. Option B) Provides a complete seal in the trachea is incorrect as LMAs provide a seal above the glottis, not in the trachea. Option C) Allows for bronchial suctioning is incorrect as LMAs do not extend into the bronchi for suctioning purposes. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the anatomical placement and function of airway devices like the LMA in oxygen therapy. Nurses must be able to correctly use and troubleshoot these devices to ensure proper oxygenation and ventilation for patients in need. Understanding the principles behind airway management devices is essential for providing safe and effective care in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of oxygen therapy, understanding the effects of diuretics on electrolyte balance is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, are known to cause significant potassium loss by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle. This leads to increased excretion of potassium in the urine, potentially causing hypokalemia. Thiazide diuretics (option A) primarily act on the distal convoluted tubule and can cause potassium depletion as well, but they are not as potent in this regard as loop diuretics. Potassium-sparing diuretics (option B) like spironolactone actually prevent potassium loss by antagonizing aldosterone, which promotes potassium retention. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (option D) such as acetazolamide do not typically cause significant potassium depletion. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms of action of different diuretics and their potential side effects, particularly in the context of managing patients receiving oxygen therapy. Nurses must be vigilant in monitoring electrolyte levels in patients on diuretics to prevent complications such as cardiac arrhythmias from potassium imbalances. This knowledge is crucial for providing safe and effective care to patients in various clinical settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of oxygen therapy, understanding the underlying physiology of acid-base disturbances is crucial for nursing practice. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is associated with a high anion gap metabolic acidosis due to the accumulation of ketones in the blood. This occurs as a result of the body's inability to use glucose for energy, leading to increased fatty acid breakdown and subsequent ketone production. In contrast, options B, C, and D do not typically lead to a high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by respiratory acidosis, where there is an accumulation of carbon dioxide leading to a decrease in pH. Hyperventilation syndrome, on the other hand, is associated with respiratory alkalosis due to excessive loss of carbon dioxide. Hypokalemia can lead to a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, primarily through renal mechanisms. Educationally, understanding the specific acid-base disturbances associated with different conditions is essential for nurses caring for patients receiving oxygen therapy. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of high anion gap metabolic acidosis, such as in DKA, allows for prompt intervention and appropriate treatment. This knowledge enhances patient safety and quality of care by ensuring accurate assessment and management of acid-base imbalances in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of fetal circulation, understanding the cardiac shunts is crucial for nursing students preparing for the NCLEX exam. The correct answer, D) Ductus Metarteriole, is not a fetal cardiac shunt. The other options, A) Ductus Arteriosis, B) Foramen Ovale, and C) Ductus Venosus, play vital roles in facilitating fetal circulation. The Ductus Arteriosus is a shunt between the pulmonary artery and aorta, allowing blood to bypass the non-functional fetal lungs. The Foramen Ovale is a shunt between the right and left atria, diverting oxygenated blood away from the non-functional fetal lungs. The Ductus Venosus is a shunt between the umbilical vein and inferior vena cava, aiding in directing oxygenated blood to the fetal heart. Understanding these fetal cardiac shunts is essential for nurses as they care for newborns during the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation. Knowledge of these structures helps in identifying and managing congenital heart defects and ensuring proper oxygenation of the newborn. This question not only tests knowledge but also reinforces the importance of understanding fetal circulation for providing safe and effective nursing care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: While rest is important for overall well-being, it is not a specific action related to promoting healthy breathing. The other actions mentioned, such as eliminating or reducing household pesticides, ensuring proper ventilation, and maintaining good posture, are more directly related to supporting healthy respiratory function.