ATI RN
Basic Care Needs of Patients Questions
Question 1 of 5
An internal or external factor that can cause stress is called
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stressor. A stressor is defined as any internal or external factor that can cause stress on an individual. This term specifically refers to the source of stress, whether it be a situation, event, or condition. In contrast, A (Shock) refers to a sudden and intense emotional disturbance, B (Stimulant) refers to a substance that increases physiological or nervous activity, and D (Stereotype) refers to a widely held but oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it directly relates to the concept of stress-causing factors.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is assessing a postoperative patient with a history of obstructive sleep apnea for airway obstruction. Which assessment finding will best alert the nurse to this complication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Drop in pulse oximetry readings. In a postoperative patient with obstructive sleep apnea, airway obstruction can lead to decreased oxygen saturation levels, reflected by a drop in pulse oximetry readings. This is a critical sign that alerts the nurse to a potential airway complication. Moaning with reports of pain (B) and shallow respirations (C) are not specific indicators of airway obstruction in this context. Disorientation (D) may indicate other issues but does not directly point to airway obstruction. Monitoring pulse oximetry readings is crucial for early detection and intervention in such cases.
Question 3 of 5
An elderly patient is found unconscious and unresponsive. His heart rate is 30 beats per minute, blood pressure is 70/40 mmHg, and his skin is pale and cool. Which intervention should be performed first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Establish transcutaneous pacing. This intervention is crucial to immediately address the bradycardia and maintain cardiac output in the elderly patient with symptomatic bradycardia and hypotension. Transcutaneous pacing provides rapid external electrical stimulation to increase the heart rate and improve perfusion. Administering atropine, dopamine infusion, or a fluid bolus of normal saline may not be effective in this scenario as the patient's heart rate is dangerously low, and transcutaneous pacing is the most appropriate intervention to address the underlying cause of the hemodynamic instability.
Question 4 of 5
You are on scene at a motor vehicle accident, and your 20-year-old patient is entrapped. He is unconscious, unresponsive, and has a palpable carotid pulse that is weak and thready. His breathing is slow and shallow at four times a minute with equal chest wall expansion. There are no obvious deformity injuries or hemorrhage noted. Fire department on-scene has stabilized the vehicle and provided you and your partner a relatively safe environment to manage the entrapped patient. However, access is limited to the seated patient, and extrication is expected to take another twenty minutes. After having your partner maintain cervical spine stabilization, which of the following would be the best choice for securing the patient's airway?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Intubate the patient using the blind orotracheal intubation technique to maintain in-line mobilization of the spine, then assist ventilation. Rationale: 1. Blind orotracheal intubation maintains cervical spine immobilization, crucial in trauma cases. 2. Intubation ensures a secure airway and adequate ventilation for the unconscious patient. 3. Assisting ventilation is vital due to the patient's slow and shallow breathing. 4. Nasal airway (A) may not secure the airway effectively in this case. 5. Nasotracheal intubation (B) may not be feasible given limited access and time constraints. 6. King LTD (D) is not the best option when direct laryngoscopy is possible.
Question 5 of 5
You are monitoring the cardiac rhythm of your 60-year-old female patient with shortness of breath when you note the presence of a possible first-degree atrioventricular block in lead II on the EKG. Which of the following electrocardiogram abnormalities makes you think there is a first-degree AV block present?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A P-R interval greater than five small boxes (0.20 seconds) wide on the electrocardiogram tracing. In first-degree AV block, there is a delay in the conduction of the electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles, resulting in a prolonged P-R interval. This delay causes the P-R interval to be longer than usual, typically greater than 0.20 seconds. This is indicative of the conduction abnormality seen in first-degree AV block. Incorrect Choices: A: There are more than one P wave for each QRS complex - This describes a condition known as atrial fibrillation where multiple P waves are present without a consistent relationship to the QRS complexes. C: The P-R intervals become progressively longer until a QRS complex is dropped altogether - This describes a Mobitz type II second-degree AV block where there is a sudden drop of a QRS complex without a prior lengthening of the P-R interval.