Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Postoperative nursing care for an infant with hydrocephalus who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement includes monitoring closely for signs of infection, as infection is the greatest hazard in the postoperative period. Signs of cerebrospinal fluid infection to watch for include elevated temperature, poor feeding, vomiting, decreased responsiveness, and seizure activity. The child should be placed with the operative side of the head up to reduce pressure on the valve. The shunt reservoir should not be pumped to maintain patency, as this can disrupt its function. Maintaining a Trendelenburg position to decrease pressure on the shunt is contraindicated as it can lead to increased intracranial pressure and compromise the shunt's effectiveness.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Encouraging fluid intake can be fun and engaging through activities like having a tea party, using a crazy

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that causes massive vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, leading to rapid fluid shifts and circulatory collapse if not treated promptly. Neurogenic, cardiogenic, and hypovolemic shocks have different etiologies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because nursing care for children should encompass a holistic approach that considers not only physical health but also emotional, social, and developmental aspects. Providing a holistic environment promotes optimal growth and development by addressing all these dimensions. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while sanitation, curing illnesses, and addressing communicable diseases are important aspects of child healthcare, they do not encompass the comprehensive care provided by a holistic approach.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: After ensuring the child's immediate survival needs are met with CPR, contacting poison control is critical to receive specific guidance on how to proceed with treatment. Other actions may be necessary depending on the situation but should follow contacting poison control.