An infant with gastroschisis is MORE likely than one with an omphalocele to have which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of an infant with gastroschisis compared to an infant with an omphalocele, the likelihood of having a history of prematurity is higher. This is because gastroschisis is typically not associated with other congenital anomalies such as congenital heart disease or imperforate anus, whereas omphalocele is often part of a larger syndrome that can include these conditions. Prematurity is a common complication seen in infants with gastroschisis due to the exposure of the intestines to the amniotic fluid, which can lead to poor absorption of nutrients and potential intrauterine growth restriction. Premature birth can also result from the stress placed on the fetus as a result of the gastroschisis itself. Congenital heart disease (Option A) is not typically associated with gastroschisis, making it less likely. Imperforate anus (Option C) is also not directly related to gastroschisis but can occur independently. Option D (N/A) is not a relevant option in this context. Understanding these differences is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers caring for infants with abdominal wall defects. It helps in anticipating potential complications, providing appropriate care, and educating families about the specific needs of their child. This knowledge enhances the quality of care and outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In toddler development, the event essential to their growth according to developmental theories is being potty-trained (Option D). Potty training is a significant developmental milestone as it signifies the child's ability to control their bodily functions and transition towards independence and self-care. Mastering this skill boosts a toddler's self-esteem and sense of accomplishment, laying the foundation for future autonomy. Learning to feed oneself (Option A) is also crucial for toddler development as it enhances fine motor skills and fosters independence. However, in terms of developmental theories, potty training is considered more essential as it involves higher levels of self-regulation and control. Developing friendships (Option B) is important for social development but typically becomes more prominent in the preschool and school-age years. Learning to walk (Option C) is a significant physical milestone, but it is not considered as essential as being potty-trained in the context of overall toddler development. Educationally, understanding these developmental milestones is crucial for caregivers, educators, and healthcare professionals working with toddlers. By recognizing the significance of each milestone, they can provide appropriate support and guidance to promote healthy development in young children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Cluster care to allow the child uninterrupted sleep and strength for upcoming surgical repair. In caring for a newborn with bladder exstrophy and a malformed pelvis, the priority is to prepare the infant for upcoming surgical repair. Cluster care helps promote rest and conserve the infant's energy for the surgery, which is crucial for optimal outcomes. Option A) Changing the diaper frequently and assessing for skin breakdown is important but not the priority in this case where surgical intervention is imminent. Option B) Keeping the exposed bladder open in a warm, dry environment is not appropriate as this condition requires surgical correction rather than environmental management. Option C) Offering formula for growth and fluid management is important for overall care but not the priority when urgent surgical intervention is needed. In an educational context, understanding the priority of care in specific pediatric conditions is essential for providing safe and effective nursing care. Knowing when to prioritize interventions based on the individual needs of the child is crucial in promoting positive outcomes and ensuring the best possible care for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In myelomeningocele, hindbrain herniation or Chiari type II malformation is a common complication due to the downward displacement of the brainstem and cerebellum through the foramen magnum. The correct answer is D) 80-90%. This high percentage highlights the significant association between myelomeningocele and hindbrain herniation. Option A) 10-20% is incorrect because this percentage range is too low considering the strong correlation between myelomeningocele and hindbrain herniation. Option B) 20-30% is also incorrect as it underestimates the prevalence of hindbrain herniation in individuals with myelomeningocele. Option C) 40-50% is incorrect as it falls within a lower range compared to the actual high occurrence of hindbrain herniation in myelomeningocele cases. Educationally, understanding this association is crucial for healthcare providers caring for patients with myelomeningocele. Recognizing and managing hindbrain herniation is vital to prevent complications such as hydrocephalus and neurological deficits in these individuals. This knowledge enables healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care and improve outcomes for patients with myelomeningocele.