An infant is prescribed nystatin (Mycostatin) for treatment of infant oral candidiasis, or thrush. Which information should the nurse provide to the infant's caregiver in regard to this medication?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this case, option C, which advises using a cotton swab to place medication in several parts of the infant's mouth, is the correct choice. The rationale behind this is that nystatin (Mycostatin) is an antifungal medication used to treat oral candidiasis, and by using a cotton swab to target specific areas in the infant's mouth, the medication can be applied directly to the affected areas for better efficacy. Option A is incorrect because administering the medication right before a feeding may wash away the medication or dilute its effectiveness. Option B is also incorrect as giving the infant water before administering the medication is not necessary for this particular medication. Option D is incorrect because it is not necessary to advise the caregiver to stop breastfeeding the infant while using nystatin for oral candidiasis. It is safe for the infant to continue breastfeeding during the treatment period. From an educational standpoint, it is important for nurses to provide clear and accurate instructions to caregivers on how to administer medications to infants, especially in the case of oral medications for conditions like thrush. Proper administration techniques can ensure the effectiveness of the medication and promote the infant's well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the best assessment question for the nurse to ask is option D: "How long have you been using the medication?" This question is crucial because it helps the nurse assess for the possibility of rebound congestion, a common issue associated with prolonged use of oxymetazoline (Afrin). Rebound congestion occurs when the nasal passages become more congested as a result of the medication's overuse. Option A: "How old is the bottle you are using?" is not the best question to ask in this situation because the duration of use is more relevant than the age of the bottle. Option B: "May I take your temperature?" is not directly related to the client's worsening symptoms from using oxymetazoline for nasal congestion. It does not address the potential cause of the exacerbation. Option C: "Are you using any other inhaled medications?" is also not as relevant in this context as asking about the duration of oxymetazoline use. While knowing about other medications is important, it is not the most pertinent question given the situation presented. Educationally, understanding the importance of assessing the duration of medication use in cases of worsening symptoms is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers. It highlights the need to be aware of potential side effects and complications that can arise from the prolonged use of certain medications, such as nasal decongestants like oxymetazoline. This knowledge helps in providing safe and effective care to patients across the lifespan.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) This drug will not make me as sleepy. This statement reflects the understanding of the difference between first and second-generation H1 receptor antagonists in terms of sedative effects. Second-generation antihistamines, such as cetirizine or loratadine, are less likely to cause sedation compared to first-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine or chlorpheniramine. This is important for patients who need to remain alert and functional during the day. Option A) I can drink a few beers over the weekend and still take this drug is incorrect because consuming alcohol with any medication can have adverse effects and is generally not recommended. Option B) This drug will not dry out my mouth is incorrect because both first and second-generation antihistamines can cause dry mouth as a common side effect. Option C) This drug will not affect my ability to urinate is incorrect because both types of antihistamines can have anticholinergic effects, which may lead to urinary retention in some patients. Educationally, understanding the differences between first and second-generation antihistamines is crucial for healthcare providers to make informed decisions regarding drug therapy based on individual patient needs and preferences. Patient education plays a significant role in promoting medication adherence and preventing adverse effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of adolescents who are obese, the most appropriate health promotion strategy is option B) Motivational interviewing. This approach is effective because it focuses on exploring and resolving ambivalence towards behavior change, which is common in adolescents struggling with obesity. Motivational interviewing empowers individuals to identify their intrinsic motivations for change, enhancing their commitment to healthier habits. Option A) Individual-based behavior modification may be overly prescriptive and might not consider the unique needs and motivations of adolescents, potentially leading to resistance or relapse. Option C) Parents regulating meals overlooks the importance of empowering adolescents to make independent, healthy choices and may not address the underlying factors contributing to their obesity. Option D) Presenting video case studies may provide information but lacks the personalized, interactive approach needed to effectively engage adolescents in behavior change. In an educational context, teaching healthcare providers about motivational interviewing equips them with a valuable tool to support adolescents in adopting healthier lifestyles by fostering intrinsic motivation and autonomy in decision-making, ultimately promoting sustainable change.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology across the lifespan, the core knowledge of a primary care nurse practitioner's care is best defined within the professional's scope of practice (Option D). Explanation of why Option D is correct: The scope of practice outlines the specific responsibilities, procedures, and actions that a primary care nurse practitioner is legally allowed to perform. Within this scope, the nurse practitioner's expertise in pharmacology across the lifespan, including medication management, drug interactions, and dosage adjustments, is clearly defined. This knowledge forms the foundation of their clinical practice and informs their decision-making process when caring for patients of all ages. Explanation of why Options A, B, and C are incorrect: Option A (accreditation standards), Option B (certification requirements), and Option C (licensure application) are important aspects of a nurse practitioner's professional journey and regulatory compliance. However, they do not directly define the core knowledge related to pharmacology across the lifespan. Accreditation standards ensure educational quality, certification requirements validate specialized knowledge, and licensure application grants legal permission to practice. While these elements are essential for a nurse practitioner's professional identity, they do not specifically delineate the knowledge base related to pharmacology in primary care settings. Educational Context: Understanding the scope of practice is crucial for nurse practitioners as it sets clear boundaries on the care they can provide. In the realm of pharmacology across the lifespan, nurse practitioners must possess a deep understanding of medication management to ensure safe and effective treatment for patients of all ages. By staying within their scope of practice and leveraging their pharmacological knowledge, nurse practitioners can deliver high-quality, patient-centered care while adhering to legal and ethical standards.