ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Cardiovascular Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 4
An infant age 2 months has a tentative diagnosis of congenital heart defect. During physical assessment, the nurse notes that the infant has a pulse rate of 168 beats/minute and a respiratory rate of 72 breaths/minute. In which position should the nurse place the infant?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lying on the back. Placing the infant on the back helps improve respiratory effort and oxygenation by allowing for maximum expansion of the lungs. This position also helps in reducing the workload on the heart, especially crucial in congenital heart defects. It promotes better blood circulation and oxygen delivery. Choice A: Upright in an infant seat may increase the workload on the heart due to the position's effect on blood flow and lung expansion. Choice C: Lying on the abdomen can compromise respiratory effort and decrease oxygenation, which could be detrimental in a child with a congenital heart defect. Choice D: Sitting in high Fowler's position may also add stress to the heart and lungs, potentially worsening the infant's condition.
Question 2 of 4
The nurse is caring for a 2-month-old child with transposition of the great vessels. Which of these interventions has highest priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintaining proper caloric intake. In a case of transposition of the great vessels, ensuring adequate nutrition is crucial for the infant's growth and development. Without proper caloric intake, the child may experience complications. Providing comfort for parents (choice A) is important but not the highest priority. Reducing stressors for the infant (choice C) is also important but not as critical as ensuring proper nutrition. Documenting vital signs (choice D) is necessary but does not address the immediate need for nutrition in this case.
Question 3 of 4
A nurse is monitoring a patient newly admitted with acute heart failure (HF). Which of the following laboratory/diagnostic results would indicate the presence of significant HF?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: BNP of 1000 pg/mL. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is released by the heart in response to increased ventricular wall stress, which occurs in heart failure. A BNP level of 1000 pg/mL indicates significant heart failure. Choice B: Sodium of 150 is not specific to heart failure and could indicate dehydration or other issues. Choice C: Potassium of 5.7 mEq/L is elevated but not specific to heart failure. Choice D: pH of 7.30 could indicate acidosis, but it is not a direct marker of heart failure.
Question 4 of 4
A patient has a VVIR mode pacemaker. The nurse knows that this pacemaker is characterized by which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because in VVIR mode: 1. Ventricular pacing occurs to stimulate the ventricles. 2. Atrial sensing is present to detect the heart's natural activity. 3. Triggered response to sensing means the pacemaker responds to the heart's activity. 4. Rate modulation adjusts the pacing rate based on the body's needs. Other choices are incorrect because they either do not match the features of VVIR mode or include incorrect components like atrial pacing or ventricular sensing.