ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
An increase in the ratio of glucagon to insulin would do which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An increase in the ratio of glucagon to insulin signals a state of low blood glucose, promoting lipolysis in adipose tissue to release fatty acids for energy production. Glucagon activates hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue, leading to increased breakdown of triglycerides. This process releases fatty acids and glycerol into the bloodstream to be used as fuel. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A and C are incorrect as glucagon promotes glucose production in the liver and inhibits glucose uptake by muscle cells, respectively. Choice D is incorrect as the increased glucagon to insulin ratio has a physiological effect on lipolysis.
Question 2 of 5
A client complained of sore throat after the procedure of EG The nurse observed that the client's gag reflex has returne What measure can the nurse take to relieve the client's discomfort?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide him with ice chips. Ice chips can help soothe the client's sore throat by providing a cooling effect, reducing inflammation, and numbing the area. This can help relieve discomfort and reduce pain. Providing lots of fluids (Choice A) may be beneficial for hydration but may not directly target the sore throat. Providing nourishments (Choice C) is important for overall health but may not specifically address the sore throat. Providing medications (Choice D) may be necessary in some cases, but starting with a non-invasive and simple intervention like ice chips is often preferred.
Question 3 of 5
In which group of clients will the nurse observe the pain to be mild or absent in pancreatitis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Older adults. In pancreatitis, older adults may have diminished pain perception due to age-related changes in nerve function. This can lead to mild or absent pain sensation despite the presence of significant inflammation in the pancreas. Women nearing menopause (choice A) may still experience significant pain. Children (choice B) and young adults (choice C) are more likely to experience severe pain due to their higher pain perception and sensitivity.
Question 4 of 5
When caring for a patient who has had most of the stomach surgically removed, what is important for the nurse to teach the patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because after stomach surgery, particularly gastrectomy, the production of intrinsic factor, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption, is significantly reduced. Therefore, lifelong supplementation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) is crucial to prevent pernicious anemia. Iron supplementation (Choice A) may be necessary due to reduced iron absorption but is not the priority. Avoiding lactose-containing foods (Choice B) may be helpful, but it is not the most critical teaching. The absence of digestive enzymes (Choice D) might require enzyme replacement therapy, but the primary concern is vitamin B12 deficiency due to reduced intrinsic factor production.
Question 5 of 5
When teaching the older adult about nutritional needs during aging, what does the nurse emphasize?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because as individuals age, their metabolism slows down, leading to a decreased need for calories. However, the need for protein remains the same or slightly increases to support muscle mass maintenance and repair. Option A is incorrect because nutrient needs do not decrease with aging. Option C is incorrect as reducing carbohydrates and protein while increasing vitamins and minerals is not recommended. Option D is incorrect as high-calorie supplements are not necessary for all older adults and should not be used as a general recommendation.