ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
An increase in cardiac output is required by all the following, except:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cardiac output increases during exercise, fever, and digestion due to higher metabolic demand. Stimulation of the vagus nerves (parasympathetic system) slows heart rate via acetylcholine release, reducing cardiac output, making it the exception.
Question 2 of 5
The accumulation of soft masses of fatty materials, particularly cholesterol, on the inside of the arterial wall is known as:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty plaques (e.g., cholesterol) in the arterial tunica intima, a subset of arteriosclerosis (general hardening). Ischemia is reduced blood flow, and phlebitis is vein inflammation.
Question 3 of 5
A client has a history of tricuspid stenosis, a narrowing of the tricuspid valve. The nurse knows that this valve prevents backflow of blood from the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle, preventing backflow into the atrium during ventricular contraction. Other options describe the pulmonic, mitral, and aortic valves, respectively. (Source: Document, p. 62, AV valves)
Question 4 of 5
The leukocyte that is not involved in phagocytosis but does secrete the anticoagulant heparin is the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Basophils release heparin (anticoagulant) and histamine but are not phagocytic. Monocytes and eosinophils phagocytose pathogens, and lymphocytes are involved in adaptive immunity, not heparin secretion.
Question 5 of 5
The normal amount of hemoglobin per deciliter of blood is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Normal hemoglobin is 13-16 g/dL (men: 13.5-17.5, women: 12-15.5), aligning with option B. Other values are either too high or too low for human norms.