An inadequate diet during pregnancy can __________.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An inadequate diet during pregnancy can lead to the distortion of the structure of the liver, kidney, and pancreas in the developing fetus. Proper nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for the healthy development of these organs and essential for the overall well-being of the baby. A balanced diet supports optimal growth and development, while inadequate nutrition can have detrimental effects on the baby's organs and long-term health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Difficulty arranging transportation can be a situational barrier to seeking early prenatal care because it can prevent pregnant individuals from being able to physically get to their healthcare provider for appointments. This barrier may make it challenging for individuals to access the necessary prenatal care and support for a healthy pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a baby's adaptation to labor and delivery, stress hormones play a crucial role in arousing the infant into alertness, which is why option B is correct. During the birthing process, the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline helps the baby transition from the intrauterine environment to the external world by increasing heart rate, respiratory rate, and overall alertness. Option A, endangering the newborn, is incorrect as stress hormones in regulated levels are essential for the baby's adaptation and survival during labor and delivery. Excessive stress hormones could be harmful, but their physiological role in moderate amounts is beneficial. Option C, referring to the effects on the mother's cervix and uterus, is related to the mother's response to stress hormones, not directly to the baby's adaptation. Option D, linking stress hormones to the mother's breathing and increasing the infant's oxygen supply, is not directly associated with how stress hormones impact the baby's alertness and adaptation during labor and delivery. Understanding the impact of stress hormones on a newborn's adaptation is crucial in pharmacology and obstetrics. Educating healthcare professionals on this process helps in providing optimal care for both the mother and the newborn during the critical period of labor and delivery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The statement "Andrew needs assistance in establishing breathing and other vital signs" refers to the initial steps taken to ensure a newborn's well-being after birth. This is a common practice to ensure that the newborn is transitioning smoothly into the outside world and is not indicative of a serious danger that requires emergency medical attention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Certified nurse-midwives have degrees in nursing and additional training in childbirth management. They are qualified to provide prenatal care, support during labor and delivery, as well as postpartum care. They are licensed medical professionals who can assist with normal childbirth, but they do not perform surgical procedures like cesarean deliveries. They also focus on providing holistic and personalized care to women throughout the childbirth process.