ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Study Guide Questions
Question 1 of 5
An important function of calcium is to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcium regulates nerve transmission-e.g., neurotransmitter release, per physiology-not acid-base (HCO3-), glucose (insulin), or energy (ATP). Nerve function is key, per role.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is a first-line medication for generalized tonic-clonic seizures?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Topiramate, a broad-spectrum antiepileptic, treats generalized tonic-clonic seizures by blocking sodium channels, enhancing GABA, and inhibiting glutamate, making it a first-line option per guidelines. Ethosuximide targets absence seizures. Felbamate, vigabatrin, and ezogabine have narrower uses or toxicity risks (e.g., aplastic anemia, vision loss), limiting them to refractory cases. Topiramate's efficacy, tolerability, and broad action suit primary generalized seizures, distinguishing it as a standard choice.
Question 3 of 5
Some institutions will not infuse a fat emulsion, such as Intralipid, into central venous access devices
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Some institutions will not infuse a fat emulsion, such as Intralipid, into central venous access devices because lipid residue may accumulate in the CVAD and occlude the catheter. This can lead to complications such as catheter blockage, which may require removal and replacement of the catheter. The build-up of lipids in the catheter can interfere with proper medication delivery and potentially result in infection or other issues. Therefore, to prevent these complications, some institutions choose to avoid infusing fat emulsions through central venous access devices.
Question 4 of 5
Intravenous (IV) therapy is ordered for a patient with a serum sodium of 150 mEq/L. Which of the following does the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient with a high serum sodium level (hypernatremia), the goal of treatment is to gradually decrease the sodium concentration in the body to prevent complications. Isotonic solutions (0.9% NS or LR) can worsen hypernatremia because they have a higher sodium concentration than the patient's current serum sodium level. Hypotonic solutions, such as 0.45% NS, are typically used to treat hypernatremia because they have a lower sodium concentration than the patient's serum sodium, which helps dilute the sodium in the body and lower the serum sodium level back to a normal range. Therefore, in this case, the nurse would anticipate administering 0.45% NS to the patient with a serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L.
Question 5 of 5
When teaching a patient who is beginning antilipemic therapy about possible drug-food interactions, the nurse will discuss which food?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse will discuss grapefruit juice when teaching a patient about possible drug-food interactions with antilipemic therapy. Grapefruit juice can inhibit the enzyme CYP3A4 in the liver, which can affect the metabolism of certain medications, including some antilipemic drugs. This interaction may lead to increased drug levels in the bloodstream, potentially causing harmful side effects. It is important for patients to be aware of this interaction and to consult their healthcare provider if they consume grapefruit juice while on antilipemic therapy.