An imperforate hymen is characterized by all the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: An imperforate hymen is a congenital condition where the hymen completely obstructs the vaginal opening, leading to menstrual blood accumulation in the vagina. The correct answer, option D, stating that it cannot be diagnosed in the newborn period, is accurate. Imperforate hymen is typically not diagnosed at birth because it does not present with immediate symptoms. Option A, stating an incidence of approximately 1 in 1,000, is a common occurrence in clinical practice, making it a plausible statement. Option B, normal secondary sex characters, is incorrect as imperforate hymen can lead to cyclic abdominal pain and distension due to the retention of menstrual blood. Option C, stating it is more often diagnosed at the time of menarche, is also incorrect as symptoms may present earlier, such as cyclic abdominal pain or urinary retention. Educationally, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to understand the signs and symptoms of imperforate hymen to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention. By recognizing the condition promptly, healthcare providers can prevent complications such as hematocolpos or hematometra. Nurses should educate both patients and caregivers about the importance of seeking medical attention for any abnormal genital symptoms to ensure timely management and prevent long-term consequences.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Alport syndrome. Alport syndrome is an inherited disorder affecting the glomerular basement membrane, leading to renal failure, sensorineural hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities like cataracts, which align with the patient's symptoms. The family history of renal issues further supports this diagnosis. Option A) Berger nephropathy is characterized by IgA deposition in the kidney, typically presenting with episodes of gross hematuria following upper respiratory infections, which is not consistent with the patient’s symptoms. Option B) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) can present with renal involvement causing hematuria, but the accompanying symptoms of cataracts and sensorineural hearing loss are not typical of SLE. Option D) Fanconi syndrome is a proximal renal tubular dysfunction leading to aminoaciduria, glycosuria, and phosphaturia, which do not correlate with the patient’s presentation of hematuria, cataracts, and hearing loss. Understanding pediatric genitourinary nursing interventions involves recognizing patterns of symptoms, understanding genetic predispositions, and linking clinical manifestations to specific diagnoses. Alport syndrome is a crucial differential to consider in a child with hematuria, especially when accompanied by cataracts and sensorineural hearing loss, as seen in this scenario. This question reinforces the importance of comprehensive patient assessment and knowledge of pediatric renal conditions for effective nursing interventions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric genitourinary nursing, understanding the sources of E. coli organisms related to hemolytic uremic syndrome is crucial for effective intervention. The correct answer, A) fomites, is the right choice because E. coli responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome is primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water sources, not through inanimate objects like fomites. Option B) meat is incorrect because E. coli can be present in undercooked meat, especially ground beef. Option C) apple cider is incorrect as E. coli outbreaks have been linked to unpasteurized apple cider. Option D) swimming pools is also incorrect as E. coli can survive in water contaminated with feces. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the sources of E. coli infections in pediatric patients. Nurses need to be vigilant in educating families about food safety, proper meat preparation, avoiding unpasteurized beverages, and practicing good hygiene to prevent the transmission of E. coli and subsequent hemolytic uremic syndrome. Understanding these sources can help nurses provide targeted interventions and education to prevent infections in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric genitourinary nursing, understanding the causes of hypernatremia with polyuria and polydipsia is crucial for effective care. In this scenario, the correct answer is Option B) Obstructive uropathy. Obstructive uropathy can lead to impaired renal function, which can result in decreased water reabsorption and thus contribute to polyuria and polydipsia. This condition can disrupt the normal balance of sodium in the body, leading to hypernatremia. Option A) Hypercalcemia is incorrect in this context because high calcium levels typically do not directly cause hypernatremia with polyuria and polydipsia. Option C) Lithium is incorrect because while lithium toxicity can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with polyuria and polydipsia, it is not typically associated with hypernatremia. Option D) Pituitary tumor is incorrect because it can lead to diabetes insipidus, characterized by polyuria and polydipsia, but not necessarily hypernatremia. Educationally, understanding these differential diagnoses is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients with genitourinary issues. Recognizing the specific causes of electrolyte imbalances helps in providing appropriate interventions and ensuring optimal patient outcomes.