ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Diseases Questions
Question 1 of 5
An HIV-seropositive female comes to her physician for advice because she is pregnant. She has never been on any antiviral medication because she had remained healthy without symptoms of AIDS. However, she wonders whether antiviral treatment might diminish the likelihood of fetal HIV infection. Which one of the following statements is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antiretroviral therapy reduces vertical HIV transmission by over 50% with minimal maternal or fetal harm.
Question 2 of 5
A 16-year-old female has abrupt onset of high fever, vomiting, and diarrhea, with a diffuse sunburn-like rash, hyperemia of the pharyngeal and conjunctival membranes, oliguria, and postural hypotension. The most likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Toxic shock syndrome presents with fever, rash, and multisystem involvement including hypotension.
Question 3 of 5
A 14-year-old child develops a nontender, solitary nodule that slowly enlarged over several weeks and that began at the site of an abrasion that occurred while cleaning his fish aquarium. Which is the most likely infecting organism?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mycobacterium marinum causes 'fish tank granuloma' from aquarium exposure.
Question 4 of 5
The only absolute contraindication to subsequent administrations of acellular pertussis vaccine is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anaphylaxis to a prior dose is the only absolute contraindication to DTaP.
Question 5 of 5
Which is not a manifestation of parvovirus B19 infection?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CD4:CD8 reversal is not a feature of parvovirus B19 infection.