ATI RN
ATI VATI Pharmacology Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
An HIV-positive client who has been started on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) came back for a follow-up checkup. Which of the following will be the most helpful in determining the response to the therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most helpful test in determining the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in an HIV-positive client is a viral load test. A viral load test measures the amount of HIV in the blood by counting the number of copies of the virus present. Monitoring viral load levels over time provides vital information about how well the antiretroviral medications are working in suppressing the replication of the virus. A decrease in viral load indicates a positive response to the therapy, while an increase may suggest treatment failure or the development of drug resistance. Regular monitoring of viral load is a crucial aspect of managing HIV infection and assessing the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy.
Question 2 of 5
A 27-year-old man with recurrent asthma attacks is being considered for preventative therapy with cromolyn sodium. This agent is not effective as an acute treatment of an asthma attack because of the lack of which of the following properties?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cromolyn sodium prevents asthma by stabilizing mast cells, but lacks bronchodilator action. It has anti-inflammatory and mast cell stabilizer properties, and some immune modulation , but doesn't relieve acute bronchospasm, limiting it to prophylaxis.
Question 3 of 5
What is/are the action(s) of the drug metformin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin is a commonly prescribed medication for the management of type 2 diabetes. It functions through multiple actions:
Question 4 of 5
A 46-year-old businessman of Caribbean origin is found to have a total serum cholesterol concentration of 6.2 mmol/L, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 0.7 mmol/L and triglycerides of 9.4 mmol/L. He drinks no alcohol (ethanol) during the week but admits to eight pints of lager and up to one bottle of rum at weekends. Other chemistries are notable only for a serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) level of 72 (upper limit of normal -42 u/L) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) level of 128 (upper limit of normal = 51 u/L). Which of the following is correct?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High triglycerides (9.4 mmol/L) and low HDL (0.7 mmol/L) with binge drinking suggest alcohol-induced dyslipidemia. Alcohol typically raises HDL, not lowers it, so that's incorrect. Elevated triglycerides (>5.6 mmol/L) risk pancreatitis, a true statement, worsened by alcohol. Fibrates treat hypertriglyceridemia, but statins address total cholesterol (6.2 mmol/L) first in mixed dyslipidemia. Ezetimibe lowers LDL, not relevant here. Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces triglycerides, not total cholesterol primarily. Pancreatitis risk drives urgent management, linked to his lipid profile and drinking pattern.
Question 5 of 5
What route can ondansetron be given? (select all that apply)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ondansetron, which is commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting, can be administered via three routes: Orally (PO), Intravenously (IV), and Rectally (Rectal). These routes allow for flexible administration based on the patient's condition and needs. Intramuscular (IM) administration is not a recognized route for ondansetron administration.