ATI RN
Endocrine System MCQ Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
An exophthalmic goiter is a symptom of
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Graves disease (hyperthyroidism) causes exophthalmic goiter eye protrusion from excess T3/T4 stimulating orbital tissues. Hashimoto's (hypothyroidism) lacks this goiter possible but not exophthalmic. Myxedema is hypo-symptom, no bulging. Acromegaly affects bones, not eyes. Graves' hyperactive eye effect distinguishes it, key to its presentation, unlike hypo or unrelated conditions.
Question 2 of 5
When blood glucose levels are low, the will increase the secretion of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low blood glucose triggers pancreas to secrete glucagon, raising levels via liver glycogenolysis counterregulatory. Adrenal cortex aldosterone manages sodium, not glucose. Pancreatic insulin lowers glucose, opposite need. ADH (posterior pituitary) retains water, unrelated. Glucagon's pancreatic response distinguishes it, critical for hypoglycemia correction, unlike sodium, lowering, or water options.
Question 3 of 5
Identify the growth factor that is released by cancer cells to create a capillary network that aids the cancer growth.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tumor angiogenesis factor (e.g., VEGF) from cancer cells promotes capillary growth, feeding tumors angiogenesis driver. Macrophage factor (M-CSF) boosts immunity, not vessels. Platelet-derived (PDGF) aids repair, less tumor-specific. Epidermal (EGF) drives cell growth, not angiogenesis. Angiogenesis factor distinguishes it, critical for tumor survival, unlike immune, repair, or growth factors.
Question 4 of 5
Which hormone is produced in the hours of darkness and encourages sleep?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Melatonin, from pineal gland, rises in darkness, promoting sleep circadian regulator. Insulin (pancreas) lowers glucose, not sleep-related. Renin (kidneys) starts RAAS, blood pressure focus. Angiotensin (blood) constricts vessels, not sleep-inducing. Melatonin's nocturnal secretion distinguishes it, critical for sleep-wake cycles, unlike glucose, pressure, or vascular hormones.
Question 5 of 5
Glucagon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon from pancreatic alpha cells accelerates glycogenolysis (glycogen to glucose) in the liver to raise blood sugar not protein synthesis (insulin), nor does it decrease glycogenolysis or slow gluconeogenesis (lactate to glucose), which it also promotes. This distinguishes glucagon's catabolic role, vital during fasting, contrasting with insulin's anabolic effects, a core NEET concept.