ATI RN
Immune System Disorders Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
An example of a recombinant vaccine is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hepatitis B. Recombinant vaccines are made by inserting genetic material from a pathogen into another organism to stimulate an immune response. Hepatitis B vaccine is produced using recombinant DNA technology to create a non-infectious protein that triggers an immune response against the hepatitis B virus. DPT, BCG, and Measles vaccines are not examples of recombinant vaccines as they are made using different methods without genetic engineering.
Question 2 of 5
The precursor of IL-1β is processed to its active form by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Caspase 1. Caspase 1 is responsible for the cleavage of pro-IL-1β into its active form IL-1β. This process involves the activation of Caspase 1 by various inflammasomes upon sensing danger signals. Pro-caspase 1 (Choice A) is the inactive precursor form of Caspase 1 and is not involved in processing IL-1β. Procaspase 8 (Choice C) and Caspase 8 (Choice D) are part of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and are not directly involved in the processing of IL-1β. Therefore, the correct choice is Caspase 1 as it specifically cleaves pro-IL-1β to its active form.
Question 3 of 5
The MMR (Measles, MUMPs, Rubella) vaccine has been the object of controversy after a report (lately declared fraudulent) of an association with development of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autism. The controversy surrounding the MMR vaccine and autism emerged from a fraudulent report that falsely claimed a link between the two. Numerous scientific studies have since debunked this association, confirming the safety of the MMR vaccine. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex etiology, involving genetic and environmental factors, but not vaccines. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as there is no proven causal link between the MMR vaccine and multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, or epilepsy.
Question 4 of 5
The process of somatic hypermutation:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because somatic hypermutation can lead to the formation of antibodies with higher affinity for the antigen by introducing point mutations in the variable regions of immunoglobulin genes. This process mainly occurs in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes, which are critical for antigen binding. Somatic hypermutation takes place in the germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs, where B cells undergo rapid proliferation and selection based on antigen binding affinity. Therefore, all the statements in choices A, B, and C are correct, making option D the right answer.
Question 5 of 5
The epitopes recognized by T cells are always:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Linear. T cells recognize linear epitopes, which are sequences of amino acids displayed in a linear fashion on the antigen's surface. This recognition occurs through the T cell receptor binding to the linear epitope. Conformational epitopes (A) involve multiple amino acid residues brought together in a specific three-dimensional structure. Epitopes on the antigen surface (C) are correct, but not all T cell epitopes are necessarily on the surface. Epitopes buried inside the antigen (D) are not accessible to T cell receptors for recognition. Thus, the correct choice is B due to the linear presentation of epitopes for T cell recognition.