An examiner is using an ophthalmoscope to examine a patient's eyes. Which technique indicates that the examination is being correctly performed?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rotating the lens selector dial to the red numbers to compensate for myopia. This is the correct technique because red numbers on the lens selector dial indicate the adjustment for nearsightedness (myopia) by adding concave lenses. This adjustment helps in achieving a clear view of the retina in myopic patients. A: Using the large full circle of light when assessing pupils that are not dilated is incorrect because a smaller circle of light is preferred for assessing undilated pupils to reduce glare. B: Rotating the lens selector dial to the black numbers to compensate for astigmatism is incorrect because astigmatism is corrected by adjusting the cylindrical power, not by using black numbers on the lens selector dial. C: Using the grid on the lens aperture dial to visualize the external structures of the eye is incorrect as the grid is typically used for focusing and not for visualizing external structures.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because placing the client on the back with a small pillow under the head can increase the risk of aspiration for stroke patients. The rationale is that this position can cause the tongue to obstruct the airway, leading to difficulty swallowing and potentially causing aspiration pneumonia. B: Keeping portable suctioning equipment at the bedside is important for immediate intervention in case of oral secretions or choking. C: Opening the client's mouth with a padded tongue blade can help provide better access for oral hygiene procedures. D: Cleaning the client's mouth and teeth with a toothbrush is a crucial nursing measure to prevent oral health issues and maintain overall hygiene.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Contact the patient and reschedule. This is the most appropriate action because it allows for communication with the patient to confirm their absence and to reschedule the therapy session. It shows professionalism, concern for the patient's well-being, and ensures continuity of care. Choice B (Notify the patient's insurance provider) is incorrect as it does not address the immediate need to reschedule the therapy session. Choice C (Notify the referring physician) is also incorrect as the therapist should first attempt to directly contact the patient. Choice D (Discharge the patient from physical therapy) is not appropriate without attempting to contact the patient first and providing an opportunity to reschedule.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hard, nontender, and immobile lymph nodes. In lymphoma, lymph nodes often become enlarged due to cancerous cell growth, leading to hard consistency. The lack of tenderness is typical in lymphoma, unlike infections. Immobility indicates infiltration of cancer cells disrupting normal node movement. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical characteristics of lymphoma presentation, which involves hard, nontender, and immobile lymph nodes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, sitting. Sitting position isolates quadriceps as it eliminates involvement of other muscle groups. In sitting, gravity minimally affects the quadriceps, allowing for accurate testing. Side-lying (A) engages hip abductors, supine (B) involves hip flexors, and prone (C) activates hip extensors, interfering with accurate quadriceps testing.