An employee uses the defense mechanism of displacement when the boss openly disagrees with suggestions. What behavior would be expected from this employee?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Displacement is a defense mechanism where emotions are redirected from the original source to a substitute target. In this case, the employee is likely to displace their anger from the boss onto a coworker by criticizing them. This behavior allows the employee to express their feelings indirectly. A: Assertively confronting the boss does not align with displacement as it involves direct confrontation. B: Leaving the meeting to work out in the gym is a form of avoidance and does not involve displacing emotions onto another target. D: Taking the boss out to lunch is more of a conciliatory gesture and does not involve displacing negative emotions onto someone else.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because excessive use of defense mechanisms can hinder problem-solving skills by avoiding facing reality and finding constructive solutions. Defense mechanisms are psychological strategies that individuals unconsciously use to cope with anxiety and protect the ego. By relying too heavily on these mechanisms, individuals may overlook important issues, leading to limited problem-solving abilities. This can result in difficulties in adapting to challenges and impede personal growth. Emotions being experienced intensely (A) is not the most significant consequence as it is a natural response to certain situations and does not directly relate to defense mechanisms. The superego being suppressed (C) is not a direct consequence of defense mechanisms but may occur as a result of unresolved conflicts. Learning and growth being enhanced (D) is incorrect as excessive defense mechanisms can actually hinder learning and personal development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because repression is a defense mechanism in which traumatic memories are unconsciously blocked from awareness. In this scenario, the woman's inability to remember the rape incident at age 12 is a classic example of repression. She has pushed the memory out of consciousness to avoid the emotional distress associated with it. Choice A is incorrect as it describes denial, where the woman refuses to accept the truth. Choice B is incorrect as it reflects sublimation, where the man channels his unhappiness into a positive pursuit. Choice D is incomplete, making it impossible to evaluate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In Erikson's theory, the developmental task for a 47-year-old client aligns with the stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation. Choice B, reflecting on life events for pleasure and meaning, corresponds to this stage where individuals assess their accomplishments and seek fulfillment. This phase involves contributing to society and future generations. Choice A pertains to the earlier stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion in adolescence. Choice C aligns with the later stage of Integrity vs. Despair in older adulthood. Choice D is incomplete. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it best fits the age and developmental stage of the client in question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: The role of leader. In Peplau's framework, the nurse in this scenario is assuming the therapeutic role of a leader because they are directing client interactions and planning interventions to achieve client goals. This role involves guiding and facilitating the therapeutic process, fostering a collaborative relationship with the client, and empowering them to make decisions and progress towards their goals. A: The role of technical expert is incorrect because it focuses more on providing specialized knowledge and skills rather than leading and directing client interactions. B: The role of resource person is incorrect as it typically involves providing information and support, but not necessarily directing client interactions and planning interventions. C: The role of teacher is incorrect because while education and guidance are important in nursing, it does not fully capture the leadership and direction involved in the scenario described.