ATI RN
The Hematologic System ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
An emergency department nurse is triaging a 77-year-old man who presents with uncharacteristic fatigue as well as back and rib pain. The patient denies any recent injuries. The nurse should recognize the need for this patient to be assessed for what health problem?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Multiple Myeloma. This condition commonly presents with symptoms such as fatigue, back pain, and rib pain due to bone involvement. In older adults, these symptoms should raise suspicion for multiple myeloma, a type of cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. The nurse should assess for further signs such as anemia, hypercalcemia, renal impairment, and bone lesions. Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma usually present with lymphadenopathy rather than bone pain. Acute Thrombocytopenia would present with symptoms related to low platelet count, such as bruising or bleeding, not fatigue and bone pain.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a patient who is being treated for leukemia in the hospital. The patient was able to maintain her nutritional status for the first few weeks following her diagnosis but is now exhibiting early signs and symptoms of malnutrition. In collaboration with the dietitian, the nurse should implement what intervention?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Provide the patient with several small, soft-textured meals each day. This intervention is appropriate because it focuses on improving the patient's nutritional intake through easily digestible meals, which can help address early signs of malnutrition. Small, soft-textured meals are easier for the patient to eat, especially if they are experiencing symptoms like mouth sores or difficulty swallowing. This approach also promotes regular intake of nutrients throughout the day, which can be more beneficial than relying solely on one large meal. Incorrect answers: A: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is typically reserved for patients who cannot tolerate oral or enteral nutrition. It is not the first-line intervention for early signs of malnutrition. B: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement is usually considered for patients who are unable to eat orally in the long term. It is not indicated for early signs of malnutrition. D: Assigning responsibility for the patient's nutrition to friends and
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic stable angina. The nurse should identify that which of the following drugs inhibits the action of adenosine diphosphate receptors (ADP) on platelets and can be prescribed to reduce the client's risk for myocardial infarction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clopidogrel is the correct answer because it inhibits the action of ADP receptors on platelets, reducing platelet aggregation and the risk of myocardial infarction. Heparin works by inhibiting clotting factors, Warfarin interferes with vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, and Alteplase is a thrombolytic drug that dissolves blood clots. None of these drugs target ADP receptors specifically like Clopidogrel does.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin factor VIII therapy to treat hemophilia A. When administering factor VIII, which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Having emergency equipment ready is crucial when administering factor VIII therapy for hemophilia A due to the risk of potential allergic reactions or adverse events. The nurse should be prepared to manage any complications promptly. Administering the powdered form orally (A) is incorrect as factor VIII is typically given intravenously. Premedicating with aspirin (B) is contraindicated as aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding in hemophilia patients. Administering it via rapid IV bolus (C) is also unsafe as it can cause adverse reactions and should be infused slowly.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin therapy with recombinant factor IX to treat hemophilia B. The client asks the nurse about the risk of disease transmission with recombinant factor IX as compared with plasma derived factor IX. The nurse should explain that the recombinant factor IX practically eliminates the risk for which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Recombinant factor IX is produced synthetically in a laboratory, eliminating the risk of transmitting prion diseases like CJD. Plasma-derived products, on the other hand, carry a theoretical risk of transmitting CJD due to potential contamination. HIV and cytomegalovirus can be transmitted through blood products, but both plasma-derived and recombinant factor IX are rigorously tested for these viruses. Anaphylaxis is a potential risk with any factor IX product, regardless of the source. Therefore, the nurse should explain to the client that recombinant factor IX practically eliminates the risk of CJD transmission compared to plasma-derived factor IX.