ATI RN
Basic Care of a Paraplegic Patient Questions
Question 1 of 5
An eleven-month-old infant is brought to the pediatric clinic. The nurse suspects that the child has iron deficiency anemia. Because iron deficiency anemia is suspected, which of the following is the most important information to obtain from the infant's parents?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia occurs commonly in children 6 to 24 months of age. For the first 4 to 5 months of infancy iron stores laid down for the baby during pregnancy are adequate. When fetal iron stores are depleted, supplemental dietary iron needs to be supplied to meet the infant's rapid growth needs. Iron deficiency may occur in the infant who drinks mostly milk, which contains no iron, and does not receive adequate dietary iron or supplemental iron.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient in the postanesthesia care unit who has undergone a left total knee arthroplasty. The anesthesia provider has indicated that the patient received a left femoral peripheral nerve block. Which assessment will be an expected finding for this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: A femoral peripheral nerve block affects sensation in the anterior thigh, medial leg, and knee joint. Step 2: After a left total knee arthroplasty, this block would result in decreased sensation in the left leg. Step 3: The expected finding is sensation decreased in the left leg. Summary: Option A is correct as it aligns with the expected effect of a femoral peripheral nerve block. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not correlate with the specific nerve distribution affected by the block.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient in the operating suite who is experiencing hypercarbia, tachypnea, tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, and muscle rigidity. Which condition does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Malignant hyperthermia. Hypercarbia, tachypnea, tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, and muscle rigidity are characteristic signs of malignant hyperthermia, a rare but life-threatening reaction to certain anesthetics. This condition is triggered by an abnormal response to specific anesthetic agents, leading to increased muscle metabolism, hyperthermia, and potentially fatal complications. Prompt recognition and treatment, including discontinuation of triggering agents, administration of dantrolene, and supportive care, are crucial. B: Fluid imbalance is incorrect because the symptoms described are not typically associated with fluid imbalance. C: Hemorrhage is incorrect as it does not typically present with the combination of symptoms mentioned. D: Hypoxia is incorrect as it usually presents with different clinical manifestations such as cyanosis, confusion, and respiratory distress.
Question 4 of 5
During the assessment of a 6-year-old child who is having an asthma attack, you observe the child speaking in single words, respiratory rate of 36, and audible wheezing. What is the most appropriate treatment?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Albuterol nebulizer and oxygen. This is the most appropriate treatment for a 6-year-old child having an asthma attack. Albuterol is a bronchodilator that helps relax the airway muscles, reducing wheezing and improving breathing. Oxygen is necessary to ensure adequate oxygenation during the attack. The combination of albuterol nebulizer and oxygen helps address the underlying bronchoconstriction and hypoxemia. Epinephrine is not the first-line treatment for asthma attacks and may cause adverse effects like increased heart rate. CPAP is not typically used in the acute management of asthma attacks in children. Magnesium sulfate IV infusion is used in severe asthma exacerbations not responding to initial therapy, but it is not the first-line treatment in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
You are on-scene with a 12-year-old trauma patient who has a large laceration on the inner aspect of his upper right arm with an estimated blood loss of around 15%. The bleeding has now decreased while the patient remains conscious, alert, and anxious. His skin is warm; his heart rate is 96 bpm, and his blood pressure is 108/50. After assessing the child, you believe the patient may be in hypovolemic shock. If so, which stage of shock is the patient most likely experiencing?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stage 2. In hypovolemic shock, the body experiences inadequate blood volume due to significant blood loss. In Stage 2, compensatory mechanisms are activated to maintain blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs. The patient's initial anxiety, normal skin temperature, increased heart rate, and slightly decreased blood pressure indicate compensatory responses. Stage 1 (pre-shock) is characterized by increased heart rate with normal blood pressure. Stage 3 involves decreased blood pressure and altered mental status. Stage 4 is the irreversible stage with multi-organ failure. In this case, the patient's vital signs and clinical presentation align with Stage 2, making it the most likely stage of shock the patient is experiencing.