ATI RN
Nursing Process Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
An elderly patient, Mr. Cruz is being cared for by nurse Bennie because of pulmonary embolism. Nurse Bennie would anticipate an order for immediate administration of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant used for immediate treatment of pulmonary embolism to prevent further clot formation. It acts quickly by inhibiting clotting factors. Warfarin (A) is used for long-term anticoagulation but has a slower onset. Dexamethasone (C) is a corticosteroid used for inflammation, not thrombosis. Protamine sulfate (D) is used to reverse the effects of heparin but is not indicated for initial treatment.
Question 2 of 5
Mr. Galino is diagnosed to have Raynaud’s disease. Nurse Oliver gives instructions to the client to stop smoking because it causes:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: vasoconstriction, vasospasms. 1. Raynaud's disease involves exaggerated vasoconstriction and vasospasms of blood vessels in response to cold or stress. 2. Smoking aggravates vasoconstriction and vasospasms by constricting blood vessels further. 3. This can worsen symptoms for individuals with Raynaud's disease. 4. Choices A, C, and D do not directly relate to the mechanism of Raynaud's disease and smoking.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is not a criterion for a valid informed consent that a nurse should identify?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: with coercion. Informed consent must be freely given without any form of coercion to ensure the individual's autonomy and decision-making capacity. Coercion can lead to involuntary consent, undermining the principle of respect for autonomy. Choices A, C, and D are all criteria for valid informed consent. Choice A ensures the individual is voluntarily agreeing without any external pressure. Choice C ensures the individual understands the procedures involved, promoting transparency. Choice D ensures the individual is aware of alternative options, allowing for an informed decision-making process.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with hypoglycemia. To control hypoglycemic episodes, the nurse should recommend:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet helps stabilize blood sugar levels and prevents hypoglycemic episodes. Carbohydrates cause rapid spikes and drops in blood sugar, while protein helps maintain stable levels. Avoiding fasting also helps regulate blood sugar. Choice A is incorrect as increasing saturated fat and fasting can worsen hypoglycemia. Choice B is incorrect as vitamins and iron do not directly address hypoglycemia. Choice C is incorrect as relying on sugary foods like candy bars can lead to further blood sugar imbalances.
Question 5 of 5
When teaching a client about insulin administration, the nurse should include which instruction?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because drawing up clear insulin first when mixing two types of insulin in one syringe prevents contamination. Clear insulin is drawn up first to avoid clouding from the cloudy insulin. This ensures accurate dosing and prevents potential medication errors. A: Incorrect. Administering insulin after the first meal may lead to hypoglycemia if the client skips or delays meals. B: Incorrect. Insulin should not be injected into the deltoid muscle as it can lead to inconsistent absorption rates. C: Incorrect. Vigorously shaking the insulin vial can cause bubbles, affecting the accuracy of the dose and potentially altering its effectiveness.