ATI RN
Essential of Pediatric Nursing Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
An elderly nursing home resident who has always been alert and oriented is now showing signs of dehydration and has become confused. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely involved?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia is an electrolyte imbalance characterized by low sodium levels in the blood. Sodium plays a crucial role in regulating the body's fluid balance and is essential for nerve and muscle function. Elderly individuals are at a higher risk of developing hyponatremia due to various factors, including medication use, reduced thirst sensation, and impaired kidney function.
Question 2 of 5
A newly diagnosed patient asks what asthma is. Which of the ff. explanations by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option A, "Your airways are inflamed and spastic," is the correct explanation of asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which causes difficulty in breathing, coughing, and wheezing. The inflammation leads to the airways becoming extremely sensitive to various triggers, such as allergens, irritants, or exercise, resulting in spasms that further constrict the air passages. This constriction makes it challenging for air to move in and out of the lungs efficiently, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath. It is essential for the patient to understand that asthma is primarily an inflammatory condition rather than a structural or infectious problem.
Question 3 of 5
When administering oxygen to a client, under which of the ff situations should the nurse discontinue the administration and notify the physician?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a client is in a state of respiratory arrest, it means their breathing has stopped. This is a life-threatening emergency situation that requires immediate action. The nurse should discontinue administering oxygen and promptly notify the physician for further intervention, such as initiating CPR or advanced airway management. Prompt recognition and timely response to respiratory arrest are crucial in saving the client's life.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the ff nursing interventions should a nurse perform to relieve tachycardia that may develop in a client with myocarditis from hypoxemia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Administering supplemental oxygen is the most appropriate nursing intervention to relieve tachycardia that may develop in a client with myocarditis from hypoxemia. Myocarditis can lead to decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues, which may result in tachycardia as the body tries to compensate for the lack of oxygen. Providing supplemental oxygen will help increase oxygen levels in the blood, improving tissue perfusion and thus reducing the tachycardia. This intervention aims to address the underlying cause of the tachycardia in this situation.
Question 5 of 5
As the nurse collects data on a patient, which of the following is a symptom that may be found that the patient with anaphylaxis may be experiencing?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Wheezing is a common symptom of anaphylaxis, along with other signs such as difficulty breathing, chest tightness, coughing, and throat swelling. Wheezing is caused by the constriction of the airways due to the body's extreme immune response to the allergen, leading to difficulty in breathing and wheezing sounds during respiration. It is important for healthcare professionals to recognize wheezing as a symptom of anaphylaxis and respond promptly with appropriate interventions, such as administering epinephrine and providing respiratory support.