An elderly client has recently been diagnosed with cancer. The client’s family has asked the nurse to withhold this information from the client because they feel that this information would cause the client to give up on life and become very depressed. The nurse believes the client should be told this information. Which ethical principle is being upheld by the nurse?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Veracity. Veracity is the ethical principle of truth-telling and honesty in healthcare. In this scenario, the nurse upholds the principle of veracity by believing that the client has the right to know about their cancer diagnosis. Being honest with the client is essential for maintaining trust, promoting autonomy, and allowing the client to make informed decisions about their care and future. Option A) Justice focuses on fairness and equal treatment, which is not directly applicable to this situation. Option B) Beneficence pertains to the nurse's duty to act in the best interest of the client, which could be interpreted differently in this case. Option D) Nonmaleficence centers on the duty to do no harm, but withholding critical information from the client could potentially cause harm by limiting their ability to cope and make decisions effectively. In an educational context, understanding these ethical principles is crucial for healthcare professionals to navigate complex situations ethically and prioritize the well-being and autonomy of their patients. Upholding veracity in communication fosters a therapeutic relationship and empowers patients in their healthcare journey.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology and health promotion, understanding dysfunctional patterns is crucial for identifying risks and implementing appropriate interventions. In this scenario, option A, the sexually active teenager who does not use condoms, represents a dysfunctional pattern due to the high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. This behavior goes against health promotion principles that advocate for safe sex practices to prevent negative health outcomes. Option B, the salesman who sleeps only 5 hours a night, reflects a potential health issue related to sleep deprivation but does not inherently signify a dysfunctional pattern as it may be due to work demands. Option C, the single mother of three children, and Option D, the woman with a small extended family, do not inherently indicate dysfunctional patterns as they describe social situations that can vary widely and may not necessarily pose immediate health risks. In an educational context, students need to grasp the distinction between risky behaviors that constitute dysfunctional patterns and challenging life circumstances that may not necessarily be dysfunctional. By analyzing these scenarios, learners can apply pharmacological knowledge to evaluate health behaviors and make informed recommendations for promoting well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Intimacy vs. isolation. According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, this stage typically occurs in young adulthood, where individuals seek to form intimate relationships with others. The young couple contemplating marriage and starting a family are navigating this stage as they are exploring the depth of their relationship and considering long-term commitments. Option A) Identity vs. role confusion pertains more to the adolescent stage where individuals are developing a sense of self and exploring various roles and identities. Option C) Generativity vs. stagnation is more relevant to middle adulthood when individuals focus on contributing to society and future generations. Option D) Ego integrity vs. despair is associated with late adulthood, where individuals reflect on their life and experiences. Educationally, understanding Erikson's stages of psychosocial development is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pharmacology, as it helps them comprehend patients' behaviors and motivations. By recognizing which life stage individuals are in, healthcare providers can tailor their interventions and support accordingly, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Pattern. This question relates to the concept of pattern recognition in health promotion and pharmacology. By monitoring the finger stick glucose levels over time, the nurse is looking for a pattern or trend in the data to characterize the person's health status, specifically related to glucose levels. The consistency and trend in the glucose levels help in identifying any abnormal patterns that may indicate issues like diabetes or insulin resistance. Option A) Age-developmental is incorrect because it does not address the specific monitoring and analysis of glucose levels over time. Option B) Functional does not capture the aspect of identifying patterns in the data. Option C) Individual-environmental is also incorrect as it does not directly relate to the monitoring of glucose levels and recognizing patterns in the data. Understanding patterns in health data is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions about patient care, especially in pharmacology where medications and treatments are often tailored based on individual health patterns. This question highlights the importance of recognizing and analyzing patterns in health data to inform clinical decision-making and promote patient well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, understanding the functional health patterns is crucial for identifying underlying issues affecting medication adherence. In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) Health-perception–health-management. The Health-perception–health-management pattern encompasses an individual's beliefs and behaviors related to their health and their ability to manage it effectively. Failing to take insulin regularly indicates a lack of adherence to a prescribed health management regimen, directly relating to this pattern. Option B) Cognitive-perceptual primarily focuses on mental processes such as perception and thought, which are not directly related to medication adherence in this case. Option C) Elimination pertains to the excretory system and is not relevant to the given scenario. Option D) Values-beliefs refers to an individual's spiritual or existential beliefs, which are not the primary factors influencing medication adherence in this context. Educationally, understanding how functional health patterns interplay with medication adherence helps healthcare professionals to assess and address barriers to treatment compliance effectively. It underscores the importance of holistic care and the need to consider various aspects of a client's health and well-being when promoting medication adherence and overall health outcomes.