An average adult filipino requires how many calories in a day?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 2,000 calories. This is the recommended daily caloric intake for an average adult Filipino, considering factors such as activity level, age, and gender. Option A) 1,000 calories is too low for the average adult's daily caloric needs. It would likely lead to malnourishment and health issues due to inadequate energy intake. Option B) 1,500 calories is also below the recommended daily intake for most adults, which could result in energy deficiency and potential health problems over time. Option D) 2,500 calories is on the higher end of caloric needs and may be excessive for many average adults, leading to weight gain and related health issues if consistently consumed. Understanding caloric requirements is crucial for maintaining optimal health and well-being. By providing this knowledge, individuals can make informed choices about their diet and ensure they are meeting their body's energy needs. Educating about caloric intake is essential in nursing to promote healthy lifestyle practices and prevent nutrition-related diseases.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of this nursing question on oxygenation, the correct answer is option C) Beefy red tongue. This finding is consistent with pernicious anemia, which is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12. Pernicious anemia can lead to glossitis, inflammation of the tongue, resulting in a characteristic beefy red appearance. This is a key clinical manifestation of pernicious anemia, helping healthcare providers identify the condition in patients. Option A) Strawberry tongue is associated with scarlet fever, a bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Option B) Currant Jelly stool is characteristic of intussusception, a condition where one segment of the intestine telescopes into another. Option D) Pale [HYPOCHROMIC] RBC is a general characteristic of anemia, but it is not specific to pernicious anemia. Educationally, understanding the specific clinical manifestations of different conditions is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers in making accurate diagnoses and providing appropriate care. Recognizing the beefy red tongue in a patient can prompt further investigation for pernicious anemia and initiation of necessary treatments such as vitamin B12 supplementation. This question reinforces the importance of clinical assessment skills and knowledge of common findings associated with various health conditions in nursing practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of nursing and patient care, understanding the physical principles governing humidifiers is crucial for maintaining optimal oxygenation and respiratory function in patients. The correct answer, option B, states that the greater the surface area of contact between water and gas, the more opportunity for evaporation to occur. This is correct because humidifiers work by evaporating water to increase the humidity of the gas delivered to the patient. By maximizing the surface area of contact, more water can evaporate, leading to higher humidity levels in the gas. Option A is incorrect because the ability of a gas to hold water vapor is actually determined by its temperature - warmer gases can hold more water vapor. Option C is incorrect as prolonged contact with water would actually increase the opportunity for evaporation to occur, not decrease it. Option D is incorrect because the pressure of the gas does not directly correlate with the humidity content; rather, it is the surface area of contact that influences evaporation and humidity levels. Educationally, understanding these principles helps nurses in selecting and operating humidifiers effectively to provide optimal respiratory therapy to patients. It also underscores the importance of maintaining appropriate humidity levels to prevent complications such as mucous membrane dryness or airway irritation. By grasping these physical principles, nurses can ensure the safe and effective use of humidification devices in patient care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Increased airway resistance. When a patient on mechanical ventilation exhibits an increase in Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) from 20 to 40 cmH₂O while static compliance remains relatively unchanged, it indicates a problem with airflow resistance within the airways. Increased airway resistance can be caused by factors such as bronchospasm or mucus obstruction, leading to a higher PIP to overcome the resistance and deliver the same tidal volume. This is a common issue encountered in ventilated patients, and timely identification is crucial for appropriate intervention. Now, let's explore why the other options are incorrect: - A) Atelectasis: Atelectasis typically presents as decreased compliance due to collapsed alveoli, not as an isolated increase in PIP. - C) Tension pneumothorax: Tension pneumothorax would result in a decreased compliance and potentially a mediastinal shift, rather than a selective increase in PIP. - D) Decreased elastance: Elastance is the inverse of compliance and reflects the ability of the lung to recoil. A decrease in elastance would not cause a selective increase in PIP while maintaining static compliance. Understanding these concepts is vital for nurses caring for mechanically ventilated patients as prompt recognition of changes in ventilator parameters can lead to timely interventions and improved patient outcomes. It also highlights the importance of differentiating between various causes of ventilator-related issues to provide appropriate care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Diaphragm. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing the lungs to expand and fill with air. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs, separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Option B) Intercostal muscles assist with the expansion of the thoracic cavity by elevating the ribs during inhalation, but the primary muscle responsible for this action is the diaphragm. Option C) Abdominal muscles are involved in exhalation by pushing the diaphragm up to expel air from the lungs. Option D) Pharyngeal muscles are involved in swallowing and speech, not in the mechanics of breathing. Understanding the muscles involved in the process of breathing is essential in the field of nursing as it directly impacts a patient's oxygenation status. Nurses need to have a strong foundation in anatomy and physiology to assess and intervene effectively in patients with respiratory issues. Knowing the specific roles of muscles in breathing helps nurses recognize and address respiratory distress promptly, ensuring optimal oxygenation for their patients.