An autoimmune form of hypothyroidism when the body destroys the thyroid cells is called

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Hashimoto's disease is characterized by the immune system attacking the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism. 2. It is an autoimmune condition where the body produces antibodies that target and destroy thyroid cells. 3. This results in a decrease in thyroid hormone production. 4. Graves disease (choice B) is a form of hyperthyroidism caused by an overactive thyroid gland. 5. Myxedema (choice C) refers to severe hypothyroidism but is not autoimmune. 6. Acromegaly (choice D) is a disorder caused by excess growth hormone production, unrelated to thyroid function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - aldosterone Rationale: 1. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that primarily regulates salt and water balance, not fuel metabolism. 2. Insulin helps in lowering blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake by cells. 3. Glucagon stimulates the release of glucose from the liver to raise blood sugar levels. 4. Cortisol plays a role in mobilizing energy stores during stress. Summary: Aldosterone does not directly impact fuel metabolism like insulin, glucagon, and cortisol do. Insulin lowers blood sugar levels, glucagon raises blood sugar levels, and cortisol mobilizes energy stores during stress.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Myxedema. Insufficient levels of thyroid hormone in adults lead to myxedema due to decreased metabolism and energy production. Goiter (A) is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, not caused by low thyroid hormone levels. Tetany (B) is muscle spasms due to low calcium levels, not related to thyroid hormone deficiency. Cretinism (D) is a condition of severe hypothyroidism in infants, not in adults. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it directly relates to the consequences of low thyroid hormone levels in adults.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oestrogen. Oestrogen is the primary female sex hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and maintenance of the reproductive system. Adrenaline (A) is a stress hormone that prepares the body for fight or flight responses. Glucagon (B) is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels. Calcitonin (D) is involved in regulating calcium levels in the body. These hormones do not play a direct role in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: increased gastric motility and emptying. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that primarily functions to stimulate gallbladder contraction (A), secretion of pancreatic juice (D), and inhibit gastric motility and emptying. Choice C, glucagon secretion, is not directly related to the actions of CCK. The incorrect choices (A, C, D) are all actions associated with CCK, while choice B goes against the typical action of CCK on gastric motility.