ATI RN
Questions on the Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
An autoimmune form of hypothyroidism when the body destroys the thyroid cells is called
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hashimoto's disease is autoimmune hypothyroidism thyroid destruction lowers T3/T4, causing myxedema-like symptoms. Graves is autoimmune hyperthyroidism overactivity. Myxedema is hypothyroidism's result, not cause. Acromegaly is GH-related, unrelated. Hashimoto's autoimmune basis distinguishes it, key to thyroid failure, unlike hyper, symptomatic, or growth disorders.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is NOT an action of insulin?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin doesn't break down glycogen it promotes glycogenesis (storage), lowering blood glucose by enhancing uptake and energy use. Breakdown (glycogenolysis) is glucagon's role opposite. Absorption, usage, and lowering are insulin's core actions. Glycogen synthesis distinguishes insulin, key to glucose reduction, unlike breakdown error.
Question 3 of 5
What is the hormone produced by adipose tissue which signals satiety?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leptin, from adipose tissue, signals satiety to hypothalamus, reducing hunger adiposity feedback. Melatonin (pineal) governs sleep, not eating. Thymosins (thymus) boost immunity, unrelated. Glucagon (pancreas) raises glucose, not satiety. Leptin's appetite control distinguishes it, key to energy balance, unlike sleep, immune, or glucose hormones.
Question 4 of 5
The posterior pituitary gland is sometimes called the neurohypophysis and it secretes which neurohormones?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) secretes ADH (water balance) and oxytocin (labor) hypothalamus-made, stored/released here, neurohormones. Calcitonin (thyroid) and PTH (parathyroid) regulate calcium, not posterior. Insulin/glucagon are pancreatic, not pituitary. Adrenaline (adrenal medulla) and cortisol (cortex) are adrenal, not neurohypophyseal. ADH-oxytocin pair distinguishes posterior pituitary, key to hypothalamic neural-endocrine link, unlike calcium, glucose, or adrenal hormones.
Question 5 of 5
Effects of hypothyroidism include all but this
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone) slows metabolism, causing lethargy, weight gain, and anorexia (appetite loss) not diarrhoea, which aligns with hyperthyroidism's increased motility. This exclusion distinguishes hypothyroidism's sluggish profile, critical for diagnosing thyroid disorders. Misattributing diarrhoea to hypothyroidism conflates opposing thyroid states, a key NEET differentiation for endocrine pathology.