An anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion fracture can be caused by forceful contraction of which muscle?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the Sartorius muscle. An ASIS avulsion fracture occurs due to a sudden and forceful contraction of the Sartorius muscle, which attaches to the ASIS. This muscle acts to flex, abduct, and laterally rotate the hip, and its abrupt contraction can lead to avulsion of the ASIS. The other choices, such as A (Long head of the biceps femoris), B (Vastus intermedius muscle), and D (Iliopsoas muscle), do not directly attach to the ASIS and are not involved in causing this specific type of fracture.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Axial skeleton. Skeletal metastases commonly occur in the axial skeleton due to its rich blood supply and high bone turnover rate. This makes it a favorable site for cancer cells to metastasize. Metastases in the femur, humerus, and radius are less common compared to the axial skeleton. The long bones like femur, humerus, and radius are more prone to primary bone tumors rather than metastases. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it aligns with the typical pattern of skeletal metastases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Improve efficiency. Cardiac rehabilitation can benefit a patient with angina pectoris by improving the efficiency of the heart muscle, leading to better circulation and reduced workload on the heart. This helps in managing angina symptoms and improving overall cardiovascular health. A: Increasing myocardial oxygen consumption would worsen angina symptoms by putting more strain on the heart. B: Decreasing the maximum heart rate could limit the patient's ability to exercise and improve cardiovascular health. C: Changing the angina threshold does not directly address the underlying issue of heart efficiency and may not provide long-term benefits.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: High frequency, low intensity. This type of TENS stimulator is most effective because high frequency helps to block pain signals from reaching the brain, while low intensity ensures safety and prevents muscle contractions. High frequency stimulates nerve fibers that inhibit pain transmission, providing relief without causing discomfort. A: High frequency, high intensity can be too harsh and may lead to muscle contractions, causing discomfort. C: Low frequency, high intensity may not effectively block pain signals and can cause muscle contractions or discomfort. D: Low frequency, low intensity may not provide sufficient pain relief as it might not effectively block pain signals.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In this scenario, the nurse should prioritize immediate actions to ensure the patient's survival. By simultaneously asking history questions, performing the examination, and initiating life-saving measures, the nurse can quickly gather essential information while addressing the patient's critical needs. This approach allows for efficient data collection without compromising the patient's well-being. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not prioritize the patient's immediate needs. A delays life-saving measures by collecting history first, which can be detrimental in a critical situation. C focuses on detailed history information that is not essential for immediate care. D delays gathering any history information, which is crucial for understanding the patient's condition and providing appropriate care.