An albino individual lacks the ability to produce

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: melanin. Melanin is the pigment responsible for determining the color of the skin, hair, and eyes. Albino individuals lack melanin production, leading to their characteristic lack of pigmentation. Perspiration (A), carotene (C), and hemoglobin (D) are not affected by albinism. Perspiration is produced by sweat glands, carotene is a pigment found in fruits and vegetables, and hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because an irregular border on a mole can be indicative of melanoma, a type of skin cancer. It is crucial to identify and address any concerning skin lesions promptly to prevent potential complications. A: Numerous striae are common and not typically a cause for immediate concern. B: Thickened and yellow toenails may indicate a fungal infection but are not as concerning as a potential melanoma. C: Silver-colored scaling on elbows and knees may suggest conditions like psoriasis, which are important to address but not as urgent as a suspicious mole.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most appropriate question to ask next is D: Are you taking any new medications? This is because the symptoms described, itching and reddened wheals, are suggestive of an allergic reaction, which can be caused by medications. By asking about new medications, you can identify potential triggers for the symptoms. Choice A (family history of eczema) is less relevant as the focus should be on the current symptoms and potential triggers. Choice B (sunscreen use) is not as pertinent to the symptoms described. Choice C (stress management) is important for overall health but is not directly related to the current presentation of symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because placing the dorsum of the hand on the surface of the skin allows the nurse to assess the skin temperature accurately. The dorsum of the hand is a more sensitive area for detecting subtle temperature changes compared to the palm. By using the dorsum of the hand, the nurse can feel the skin temperature without altering it. Inspection and palpation (Choice A) may provide information about skin color and texture but not specifically about skin temperature. Detecting moisture with the palmar surface (Choice B) is more related to assessing skin moisture rather than temperature. Grasping the skin (Choice C) may help assess skin turgor but not temperature.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Apply moisturizer to the skin. As people age, their skin tends to become drier due to a decrease in oil production and thinning of the skin layers. Moisturizing the skin helps to replenish lost moisture, maintain skin integrity, and reduce itching. It forms a protective barrier that prevents further water loss, soothes the skin, and promotes skin healing. Option A) Take hot baths daily is incorrect because hot water can further dry out the skin by stripping away natural oils, exacerbating itching. Option C) Take an antipruritic to control the itching is not the best initial approach as it is more of a symptom management strategy rather than addressing the root cause of dry skin. Option D) Wear minimal clothing to expose the skin to the air is also not recommended as it can lead to further moisture loss and skin irritation, especially in elderly individuals with already compromised skin. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to educate elderly clients on proper skincare practices to maintain skin health and comfort. Teaching about the benefits of moisturizing, avoiding hot water, using gentle cleansers, and maintaining a healthy diet and hydration are crucial aspects of promoting skin integrity in the elderly population.