An aging client diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder takes an antipsychotic and a beta-adrenergic blocking agent for hypertension. Understanding the combined side effects of these drugs, which statement by a nurse is most appropriate?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Antipsychotics can cause orthostatic hypotension, making the client dizzy or lightheaded when standing up quickly. Step 2: Beta-blockers can also lower blood pressure, exacerbating orthostatic hypotension. Step 3: Rising slowly helps prevent a sudden drop in blood pressure, reducing the risk of falls and injuries. Step 4: Option C is the most appropriate because it directly addresses the potential side effect of orthostatic hypotension from the combination of antipsychotic and beta-blocker medications. Summary: Option A focuses on relaxation techniques, B on general health advice, and D on sun protection, which are not directly related to the combined side effects of the medications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Measuring the serum lithium level is crucial to assess if the patient is within the therapeutic range. Symptoms of lithium toxicity, such as agitation and hyperactivity, suggest the need for monitoring. B is incorrect as the priority is assessing the medication effectiveness first. C and D are irrelevant to the immediate concern of potential lithium toxicity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because assessing blood pressure before administering furosemide is crucial to monitor for hypotension, a common side effect. This step ensures patient safety and helps guide appropriate dosage adjustments. Option A is incorrect as sudden position changes can lead to orthostatic hypotension. Option C is incorrect as furosemide is usually taken in the morning for diuretic effect. Option D is incorrect as monitoring blood pressure is essential in patients taking furosemide.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Norepinephrine. Increased heart rate and blood pressure are physiological responses associated with the "fight or flight" response, which is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerve endings, leading to these physical symptoms. GABA (A) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability and would not cause increased heart rate and blood pressure. Histamine (B) is involved in allergic reactions and immune responses, not directly related to fear responses. Acetylcholine (C) is a neurotransmitter involved in muscle contractions and autonomic functions, but it does not directly modulate fear responses or increase heart rate and blood pressure in the context of fear.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Serotonin and dopamine. Antipsychotic medications work by affecting serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain. Dopamine is involved in regulating emotions and movement, while serotonin plays a role in mood regulation. Understanding how these neurotransmitters are processed is crucial for explaining the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs. Choice A is incorrect because GABA is not typically targeted by antipsychotic medications. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to structures rather than neurotransmitters. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions monoamine oxidase inhibitors, which are a different class of drugs than antipsychotics, and serotonin, which is relevant but not the primary neurotransmitter targeted by antipsychotic medications.