ATI RN
Cardiovascular Conditions Pediatrics Test Bank Questions Free Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
An adult male client is admitted for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) secondary to AIDS. While hospitalized, he receives IV pentamidine isethionate therapy. In preparing this client for discharge, what important aspect regarding his medication therapy should the nurse explain?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, option B is the correct answer. The nurse should explain to the client that it will be necessary to continue prophylactic doses of IV or aerosol pentamidine every month. This is crucial because pentamidine is used as a prophylactic treatment to prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in individuals with AIDS. It helps to prevent the recurrence of the opportunistic infection. Option A is incorrect because IV pentamidine is not used to offer protection against other AIDS-related conditions like Kaposi's sarcoma. Option C is incorrect as IV pentamidine is not necessarily given until oral pentamidine can be tolerated, as the mode of administration may differ based on the individual's condition and response to therapy. Option D is incorrect as AZT therapy does not need to be stopped when IV or aerosol pentamidine is being used, as they serve different purposes in managing HIV/AIDS. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind prophylactic treatments like pentamidine in AIDS patients is crucial for nurses to provide comprehensive care. It highlights the importance of medication adherence and patient education in preventing opportunistic infections and improving outcomes for individuals living with HIV/AIDS.
Question 2 of 5
To reduce the risk for pulmonary complications for a client with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), what interventions should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the context of a client with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), the correct intervention to reduce the risk for pulmonary complications is to teach the client breathing exercises (Option C). ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and respiratory compromise. Teaching the client breathing exercises can help maintain lung function, improve respiratory muscle strength, and prevent complications such as pneumonia or respiratory failure. Initiating passive range of motion exercises (Option A) may be beneficial for maintaining joint mobility and preventing contractures in ALS patients but does not directly address pulmonary complications. Establishing a regular bladder routine (Option B) is important for managing urinary issues in ALS but is not directly related to reducing pulmonary complications. Performing chest physiotherapy (Option D) may help with secretion clearance but does not address the overall respiratory muscle weakness seen in ALS. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the specific needs of clients with ALS, especially regarding respiratory care. Teaching breathing exercises empowers the client to take an active role in maintaining their respiratory function and quality of life. Nurses play a key role in educating clients with ALS about self-care strategies to optimize their respiratory health and prevent complications.
Question 3 of 5
A fair-skinned female client who is an avid runner is diagnosed with malignant melanoma, located on the lateral surface of the lower leg. After wide margin resection, the nurse provides discharge teaching. It is most important for the nurse to emphasize the need to observe for changes in which characteristic?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Appearance of any moles. It is crucial for the nurse to emphasize the need to observe for changes in moles because in a client with a history of malignant melanoma, monitoring for any new or changing moles is essential for early detection of skin cancer recurrence or new lesions. Changes in the appearance of moles, such as asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter increase, or evolving features, can signify malignant transformation. Elasticity of the skin (Option A) is important for assessing hydration status and skin health but is not directly related to melanoma recurrence monitoring. Muscle aches and pains (Option C) are not specific indicators of malignant melanoma recurrence and are more likely related to other causes in an avid runner. Pigmentation of the skin (Option D) may change over time due to various factors but is not the primary indicator for monitoring melanoma recurrence. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance and patient education in the management of malignant melanoma. Nurses play a critical role in teaching patients about self-assessment and early detection practices to promote optimal outcomes in skin cancer management.
Question 4 of 5
An older client arrives at the outpatient eye surgery clinic for a right cataract extraction and lens implant. During the immediate postoperative period, which intervention should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Provide an eye shield to be worn while sleeping. This intervention is essential following cataract extraction and lens implant surgery to protect the eye from accidental trauma during sleep. The eye shield ensures that the eye is shielded from inadvertent rubbing or pressure, which could compromise the surgical site and lead to complications. Option A) Teach a family member to administer eye drops is incorrect because while eye drops may be part of the postoperative care, ensuring protection during sleep with an eye shield takes precedence to prevent injury. Option B) Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises is incorrect as this intervention is more relevant for respiratory conditions or surgeries that involve the chest, not for eye surgeries like cataract extraction. Option D) Obtain vital signs every 2 hours during hospitalization is incorrect as this is not a specific intervention related to eye surgery postoperative care. Monitoring vital signs is important in general patient care but is not directly related to protecting the eye after cataract surgery. In an educational context, it is crucial for nursing students to understand the specific postoperative care requirements for different surgical procedures. Emphasizing the rationale behind each intervention helps students develop critical thinking skills in prioritizing patient care and understanding the rationale for each nursing action in providing safe and effective postoperative care.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is assessing clients in an outpatient diabetic clinic. Which entry provides the best evidence that the client is adhering to the prescribed diabetic regimen?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, option A, "Hemoglobin A1C of 6.2%," provides the best evidence that the client is adhering to the prescribed diabetic regimen. Hemoglobin A1C is a valuable indicator of long-term glucose control, reflecting average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. A level of 6.2% indicates good glycemic control and suggests that the client has been consistently following their prescribed diabetic regimen. Option B, "Fasting blood glucose of 130 mg/dL," is a single point-in-time measurement and may not accurately represent the client's overall glucose control. It can fluctuate throughout the day based on various factors. Option C, "Positive urine ketones," indicates the presence of ketones in the urine, which typically signifies poor diabetes management and potential complications like diabetic ketoacidosis. It is not a reliable indicator of adherence to the prescribed regimen. Option D, "Self-reported daily blood glucose monitoring," while a positive behavior, relies on self-reporting, which may not always be accurate. Objective measures like A1C provide more reliable evidence of adherence. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the significance of different parameters in assessing diabetic control. Teaching patients the importance of regular monitoring, medication adherence, and lifestyle modifications can help improve outcomes and prevent complications in pediatric patients with diabetes.