Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because flushing the central venous catheter with a heparinized solution before blood withdrawal is essential to maintain catheter patency and prevent clot formation. This step ensures the catheter is clear of any blockages, allowing for accurate blood sampling. Choice A is incorrect because assembling supplies should come after preparing the catheter. Choice B is incorrect as discarding blood before flushing the catheter may lead to inaccurate test results. Choice D is incorrect as replacing the catheter cap without flushing may lead to clot formation and catheter malfunction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Muscle weakness. After unilateral adrenalectomy, there is a risk of hyperkalemia due to decreased aldosterone production. Aldosterone helps regulate potassium levels in the body. Muscle weakness is a common symptom of hyperkalemia as high potassium levels can affect muscle function. Diaphoresis, tremors, and constipation are not typically associated with hyperkalemia. Diaphoresis is excessive sweating, tremors are involuntary muscle movements, and constipation is difficulty passing stool. These symptoms are not directly related to potassium imbalance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because an ELISA test for antibodies is crucial to detect HIV infection early. This test can help diagnose HIV before symptoms appear, allowing for early intervention and treatment. Choice A is important but not specific to HIV prevention. Choice B is irrelevant for HIV prevention. Choice D, while important, should not take precedence over getting tested for HIV.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: with coercion. Informed consent must be freely given without any form of coercion to ensure the individual's autonomy and decision-making capacity. Coercion can lead to involuntary consent, undermining the principle of respect for autonomy. Choices A, C, and D are all criteria for valid informed consent. Choice A ensures the individual is voluntarily agreeing without any external pressure. Choice C ensures the individual understands the procedures involved, promoting transparency. Choice D ensures the individual is aware of alternative options, allowing for an informed decision-making process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diagnosis. After reviewing the patient's database and identifying concerning signs such as not voiding for over 8 hours, abnormal kidney function, and decreased oral intake, the nurse must move to the diagnosis step. In this step, the nurse will analyze the data collected to identify the patient's actual and potential health problems. This will help the nurse formulate appropriate nursing diagnoses and develop a plan of care to address the identified issues. Choice B (Planning) comes after the diagnosis step, where specific goals and interventions are established; Choice C (Implementation) follows planning and involves executing the planned interventions; Choice D (Evaluation) is the final step where the nurse assesses the effectiveness of the interventions. In this scenario, the nurse must first determine the patient's health problems before proceeding to planning, implementing, and evaluating care.