An adult client states 'I always imitated my parent and now I have grown up to be just like my parent.' According to Sigmund Freud, which concept does this represent?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: This concept of object relations involves imitation and modeling due to a psychological attachment to another person. This is typical in childhood with a child who develops family relationships. Self-efficacy involves self-confidence and belief in a person's own abilities. Countertransference is defined as the direction of a therapist's feelings and attitudes toward a client. Cognitions are a concept by Aaron Beck and are verbal or pictorial events in the stream of consciousness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Madeline Leininger developed a new field with transcultural nursing which emphasized that nursing care would be affected by culture because of differences in definition of health, illness, and care. Imogene King focused on care of the client with the goal of health but this wasn't specific with culture. Jean Watson developed a theory of transpersonal care that was based on the relationship between the nurse and patient but did not include culture as a focus. Hildegard Peplau also focused on the nurse-client relationship but wasn't specific to culture with this.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Dorothea Orem. In the context of the self-care deficit theory, Dorothea Orem is the nursing theorist who initiated this theory. Orem's theory emphasizes the importance of self-care in maintaining an individual's health and well-being. She proposed that individuals have the ability to perform self-care activities to maintain their health and well-being, but when they are unable to do so, a self-care deficit occurs. Option B) Betty Neuman is known for the Neuman Systems Model, which focuses on stress and the individual's response to stressors. This model does not directly align with the self-care deficit theory. Option C) Hildegard Peplau is recognized for her work in psychiatric nursing and the interpersonal relations theory, which emphasizes the nurse-patient relationship and its impact on patient care. This theory is not related to the self-care deficit theory. Option D) Jean Watson is known for the Theory of Human Caring, which emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship and caring behaviors in nursing practice. This theory is not specifically focused on self-care deficits. It is essential for nursing students to understand various nursing theories and their respective theorists to provide holistic and evidence-based care to their patients. Understanding Dorothea Orem's self-care deficit theory can help nurses in promoting patient independence and well-being through self-care activities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Rosemarie Parse. In Parse's theory of Human Becoming, the terms 'meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence' are foundational concepts that emphasize the importance of understanding individuals' subjective experiences and their unique ways of creating meaning in their lives. Hildegard Peplau is known for her theory of interpersonal relations in nursing, focusing on the nurse-patient relationship and the phases of this therapeutic relationship. Sister Callista Roy is associated with the adaptation model, which explores how individuals respond to changes in their environment. Dorothea Orem is known for the self-care deficit theory, which emphasizes the individual's ability for self-care and the nurse's role in assisting with self-care needs. Understanding nursing theorists and their respective theories is crucial for nurses to provide holistic and patient-centered care. Recognizing the key concepts and principles of each theory helps nurses tailor their care approaches to meet the unique needs of each patient. Parse's theory, with its focus on meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence, encourages nurses to view patients as active participants in their own health and well-being, promoting a more personalized and supportive approach to care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C is the most appropriate method to encourage the client with delusions of persecution to eat. By allowing the client to prepare and package their own food, it addresses the belief that the hospital staff is poisoning the food. This empowers the client, reinforces their sense of control, and reduces their anxiety related to distrust in the hospital staff. Option A may not be effective as the client's favorite foods in an attractive arrangement may still be perceived as tampered with by the staff. Option B of presenting only warm foods may not address the client's underlying delusion. Option D of serving the same food as other clients may not alleviate the client's specific concerns about poisoning. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the unique needs of clients with delusions or paranoia. It emphasizes the significance of therapeutic communication, empowerment, and individualized care in mental health settings. By choosing option C, nurses can promote trust, autonomy, and collaboration in care, leading to better outcomes for clients with delusional beliefs.