ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Question Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
An adolescent patient develops both proximal and distal weakness of the extremitiin an episodic, relapsing-remitting pattern; he also experiencnumbness and tingling. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CIDP fits relapsing-remitting proximal/distal weakness with numbness, per neurology, from immune-mediated demyelination. CMT is progressive; myasthenia fatigable; hypothyroidism systemic; Guillain-Barré acute. CIDPs pattern makes D the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Ataxia is the inability to make accurate, smooth and coordinated movements, usually due to a dysfunction of the cerebellar pathways. Of the following, the MOST common cause of acute ataxia in childhood is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Postinfectious acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common cause of acute childhood ataxia, per pediatrics, often post-viral (e.g., varicella). Strokand MS are rare; postictal transient; tumors chronic. Postinfectious frequency makes D the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
A state of responsiveness to pain but not to other stimuli is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stupor is responsiveness to pain only, per neurology, with reduced arousal beyond lethargy or obtundation . Coma lacks response; consciousness full. Stupors definition makes C the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Hydrocephalus resulting from overproduction of CSF is seen in
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choroid plexus papilloma caushydrocephalus from CSF overproduction, per neurosurgery, as a rare tumor hypersecretfluid. Craniopharyngioma obstructs; aqueductal stenosis blocks; basilar impression compresses; Dandy-Walker malforms. Overproduction specificity makes C the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
A 2-month-old infant is brought to the emergency room after experiencing a seizure. The infant appears lethargic with very irregular respirations and periods of apnea. The parents report the baby is no longer interested in feeding and, before the seizure, rolled off the couch. What additional testing should the nurse immediately prepare for?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A CT scan of the head and eye dilation are critical for this 2-month-old with seizure, lethargy, apnea, and a fall, per pediatric trauma protocols. The fall suggests possible trauma, and CT quickly identifiintracranial hemorrhage or skull fracture, common in infants. Eye dilation checks for retinal hemorrhages, a hallmark of shaken baby syndrome (SBS), which aligns with seizure and lethargy in this age group. CT with EEG adds seizure monitoring but delays trauma assessment. Head X-rays miss soft tissue injury; long bone X-rays screen for abuse but arent immediate. SBS or traumas urgency, per AAP guidelines, makes A the correct answer, prioritizing rapid diagnosis of life-threatening conditions.